Indian Geography Archives

221. Which of the following is/are east flowing rivers in India ? 1. Pala

Which of the following is/are east flowing rivers in India ?

1. Palar
2. Periyar
3. Pennar
4. Kalinadi

Select the answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1 and 3″ option3=”2 and 4″ option4=”4 only” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2024

East flowing rivers in India drain into the Bay of Bengal. West flowing rivers drain into the Arabian Sea. Out of the given options:
1. Palar River: It is an east-flowing river originating in Karnataka and flowing through Tamil Nadu to drain into the Bay of Bengal.
2. Periyar River: It is a west-flowing river originating in the Western Ghats in Kerala and flowing into the Arabian Sea.
3. Pennar River: It is an east-flowing river originating in Karnataka and flowing through Andhra Pradesh to drain into the Bay of Bengal.
4. Kalinadi River: There are multiple rivers named Kalinadi. The prominent Kalinadi in Karnataka is a west-flowing river that drains into the Arabian Sea.

Palar and Pennar are significant east-flowing rivers of South India. Periyar and Kalinadi (Karnataka) are significant west-flowing rivers.

Most major peninsular rivers in India flow eastwards due to the eastward slope of the plateau. Exceptions include rivers like Narmada, Tapti, and the Kalinadi, Periyar, Netravati etc. in the Western Ghats, which flow westwards into the Arabian Sea.

222. In which among the following states in India, the Sun rays are never p

In which among the following states in India, the Sun rays are never perpendicular?

1. Bihar
2. Chhattisgarh
3. Manipur
4. Rajasthan

Select the answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2″ option2=”1 and 3″ option3=”2 and 3″ option4=”2 and 4″ correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2024

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The states of India where the Sun rays are never perpendicular are those located entirely north of the Tropic of Cancer. The Tropic of Cancer (approximately 23.5° N latitude) passes through eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. Locations on or south of the Tropic of Cancer experience the Sun directly overhead (perpendicular rays) at least twice a year (during the Sun’s apparent movement between the tropics). Locations north of the Tropic of Cancer never have the Sun directly overhead.

Bihar and Manipur are located entirely north of the Tropic of Cancer. Therefore, the Sun rays are never perpendicular in these states. Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan are among the states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes, so parts of these states (or the states themselves) do experience perpendicular sun rays.

The Sun is directly overhead at noon only for locations between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This phenomenon occurs when the Sun’s declination is equal to the latitude of the location. The Sun’s declination ranges from 23.5° S (around Dec 21/22, Winter Solstice) to 23.5° N (around June 20/21, Summer Solstice).

223. Consider the following facts of the rivers of the Indus system : 1.

Consider the following facts of the rivers of the Indus system :

1. The Satluj originates in Tibet where it is known as Langchen Khambab
2. The Satluj is a classic example of an antecedent river
3. The Jhelum is the largest tributary of the Indus System

Select the answer using the code below :

[amp_mcq option1=”2 only” option2=”3 only” option3=”1 and 2″ option4=”2 and 3″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2024

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Statements 1 and 2 are correct regarding the Satluj river, while statement 3 is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 and 2 only.

– Statement 1 is correct: The Satluj (Sutlej) river originates near Rakas Lake in Tibet, close to Mansarovar Lake, where it is known as Langchen Khambab (meaning “Elephant’s Mouth”).
– Statement 2 is correct: The Satluj river is a classic example of an antecedent river because it maintained its course and cut deep gorges through the Himalayas as they were uplifting.
– Statement 3 is incorrect: The Jhelum is an important tributary of the Indus, but it is not considered the largest. The largest tributary in terms of discharge is often considered the Chenab, while the Satluj is the longest tributary.

The Indus river system comprises the main Indus river and its major tributaries: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj. These rivers originate in the Himalayas and flow through India and Pakistan before joining the Arabian Sea. Antecedent rivers are older than the landform they cut through.

224. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

List I (Hydroelectric Power Plant)	List II (State)
A. Doyang	1. Arunachal Pradesh
B. Gomuti	2. Assam
C. Kapili	3. Tripura
D. Ranganadi	4. Nagaland

Code :

[amp_mcq option1=”4 3 2 1″ option2=”4 2 3 1″ option3=”1 2 3 4″ option4=”1 3 2 4″ correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2024

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The correct matching of the hydroelectric power plants with their respective states is A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1, which corresponds to Option A.

– Doyang Hydroelectric Plant is located in Nagaland (on the Doyang river).
– Gomuti Hydroelectric Plant is located in Tripura (on the Gomuti river).
– Kapili Hydroelectric Plant is located in Assam (on the Kapili river, part of the Kopili Hydro Electric Project).
– Ranganadi Hydroelectric Plant is located in Arunachal Pradesh (on the Ranganadi river).

These power projects are significant sources of electricity in India’s North Eastern region. They are examples of river valley projects contributing to power generation and sometimes irrigation and flood control in the area.

225. Which one among the following statements with reference to the black c

Which one among the following statements with reference to the black cotton soils of India is NOT correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”The black cotton soils are also called ‘Regur'” option2=”They are highly moisture retentive” option3=”They are rich in lime” option4=”These soils have less clay factor and hence can support a wide variety of crops and vegetables” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2024

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The statement “These soils have less clay factor and hence can support a wide variety of crops and vegetables” is NOT correct. Black cotton soils are characterized by a high clay content, which gives them their distinct properties.

– Black cotton soils, also known as Regur, are known for their high clay percentage (often >40-50%).
– The high clay content makes them highly moisture retentive.
– They are rich in minerals like lime, iron, magnesia, and alumina, but generally deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter.
– Due to the high clay content and moisture retention properties, they swell when wet and shrink/crack extensively when dry, making cultivation challenging, especially during the wet season.
– While suitable for crops like cotton, sugarcane, jowar, and groundnut, their characteristic properties limit the “wide variety of crops and vegetables” they can easily support compared to loamy soils.

The extensive cracking during the dry season helps in aeration, a process sometimes referred to as ‘self-ploughing’. These soils are predominantly found in the Deccan Trap region, covering parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.

226. Which statement is NOT correct with reference to Andaman and Nicobar I

Which statement is NOT correct with reference to Andaman and Nicobar Islands ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Climate is humid, tropical coastal climate” option2=”Maximum rainfall occurs between March and April” option3=”Andaman and Nicobar islands are separated by 10 degree Channel which is 150 Km wide” option4=”Islands are inhabited by Negrito tribes” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2024

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Statement A is correct; the islands have a humid, tropical coastal climate with high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. Statement C is correct; the 10 Degree Channel separates the Andaman and Nicobar island groups, and its width is approximately 150 km. Statement D is correct; the indigenous population of the Andaman Islands includes Negrito tribes like the Jarawas, Sentinelese, Onges, and Great Andamanese. Statement B is incorrect; while March and April are part of the hotter pre-monsoon season, the maximum rainfall in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands occurs during the monsoon season, primarily from May/June to November, influenced by the Southwest and Northeast monsoons.

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are characterized by a tropical climate, distinct geographical separation by the 10 Degree Channel, diverse indigenous populations, and rainfall patterns dominated by the monsoon seasons.

The capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is Port Blair. The highest point is Saddle Peak (North Andaman). The islands are geologically part of an underwater mountain range extension of the Arakan Mountains of Myanmar.

227. Any land that is left fallow for more than five years is termed as

Any land that is left fallow for more than five years is termed as

[amp_mcq option1=”Current fallow” option2=”Fallow other than current fallow” option3=”Culturable waste land” option4=”Barren and waste land” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2024

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In land use classification, ‘Culturable Waste Land’ is defined as land that is available for cultivation but has not been cultivated for more than five consecutive years. This category includes land left fallow for an extended period, overgrown with bushes or forests, or covered with sand, which can be brought under cultivation with effort. ‘Current fallow’ is land left uncultivated for less than one year, and ‘Fallow other than current fallow’ is land left uncultivated for a period between one and five years. ‘Barren and waste land’ is land which cannot be brought under cultivation easily or at all, such as hills, deserts, etc.

The duration for which land is left uncultivated determines its classification as current fallow, old fallow (fallow other than current fallow), or culturable waste land.

Land use statistics are crucial for agricultural planning and resource management. Changes in these categories over time can indicate trends in agricultural practices, land degradation, or successful land reclamation efforts.

228. Which one of the following pairs of city and industry is NOT correctly

Which one of the following pairs of city and industry is NOT correctly matched ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Saharanpur : Paper industry” option2=”Chanderi : Cotton textile industry” option3=”Bhadohi : Carpet industry” option4=”Raniganj : Iron and steel industry” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2023

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Let’s examine each pair:
A) Saharanpur : Paper industry. This is correctly matched. Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh is a well-known center for the paper industry and also famous for wood carving.
B) Chanderi : Cotton textile industry. This is largely correctly matched. Chanderi, in Madhya Pradesh, is famous for Chanderi fabric, which is traditionally made from silk, cotton, or silk-cotton blends, handcrafted into sarees and suits. So, it is a center for cotton textiles (specifically handloom using cotton blends).
C) Bhadohi : Carpet industry. This is correctly matched. Bhadohi in Uttar Pradesh is known as the “Carpet City” of India and is a major hub for hand-knotted carpet weaving.
D) Raniganj : Iron and steel industry. This is NOT correctly matched. Raniganj in West Bengal is historically significant as a major coal mining area and part of the Raniganj Coalfield, India’s first and largest coalfield. While it’s in an industrial belt that includes steel plants (like Durgapur and Burnpur nearby), Raniganj itself is not a center for the Iron and Steel industry but rather for coal mining.
Therefore, the incorrect pair is D.

– Certain cities and regions in India are specialized in specific industries based on resource availability, historical tradition, or market access.
– Identifying the primary industry associated with a place is key.

The location of iron and steel plants is often influenced by proximity to sources of iron ore, coal, limestone, water, and transport networks. Major steel cities include Jamshedpur, Durgapur, Bokaro, Bhilai, Rourkela, and Salem.

229. Which one of the following crops is generally benefitted by the rain c

Which one of the following crops is generally benefitted by the rain caused by western disturbances in India ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Rice” option2=”Wheat” option3=”Bajra” option4=”Cotton” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2023

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Western Disturbances are extra-tropical storms that originate in the Mediterranean region and bring sudden winter rain and snow to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent. This precipitation, though sometimes associated with hailstorms or cold waves, is beneficial for the Rabi crops (winter crops) grown in Northern India. Wheat is the most important Rabi crop, and the winter rainfall brought by Western Disturbances is crucial for its successful cultivation, especially in states like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.

– Western Disturbances bring precipitation during the winter season in North India.
– This winter precipitation is essential for Rabi crops.
– Wheat is a major Rabi crop that benefits significantly from this rainfall.

Rice is a Kharif crop (summer crop) and is not grown during the winter when Western Disturbances are active. Bajra (pearl millet) and Cotton are also predominantly Kharif crops, although some varieties or regions might have different cycles.

230. Which one of the following statement is NOT correct ?

Which one of the following statement is NOT correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Bokaro steel plant is located in Damodar river basin” option2=”Jamshedpur steel plant is located on the confluence of Damodar and Barakar” option3=”Salem steel plant is located on the bank of Kaveri River” option4=”Bhilai steel plant obtains water from Tandula reservoir” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2023

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Let’s examine each statement:
A) Bokaro steel plant is located in Damodar river basin. This is correct. Bokaro Steel Plant is located in Bokaro, Jharkhand, within the Damodar Valley region.
B) Jamshedpur steel plant is located on the confluence of Damodar and Barakar. This is incorrect. The Jamshedpur Steel Plant (Tata Steel) is located at the confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers in Jharkhand.
C) Salem steel plant is located on the bank of Kaveri River. This is correct. Salem Steel Plant is situated near the Kaveri River in Tamil Nadu, relying on it for water supply.
D) Bhilai steel plant obtains water from Tandula reservoir. This is correct. Bhilai Steel Plant in Chhattisgarh primarily gets its water supply from the Tandula Dam reservoir on the Tandula River.
Therefore, the incorrect statement is B.

– Steel plants require access to raw materials (iron ore, coal, limestone) and water.
– Their location is often influenced by the proximity of these resources and transportation links.

Jamshedpur was strategically located by Jamshedji Tata near the confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers, providing both water and proximity to raw materials like iron ore, coal, and limestone.