Indian Geography

191. Which one among the following places in India is nearest to the Tropic

Which one among the following places in India is nearest to the Tropic of Cancer?

[amp_mcq option1=”Aizawl” option2=”Rajkot” option3=”Kolkata” option4=”Imphal” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2013
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Aizawl is the place nearest to the Tropic of Cancer among the given options.
The Tropic of Cancer is located at approximately 23°30′ North latitude (or 23.5° N). To determine which place is nearest, we need to compare their latitudes with 23.5° N.
Aizawl (Mizoram): ~23.7° N
Rajkot (Gujarat): ~22.3° N
Kolkata (West Bengal): ~22.6° N
Imphal (Manipur): ~24.8° N
Comparing the absolute differences:
|23.7 – 23.5| = 0.2°
|22.3 – 23.5| = 1.2°
|22.6 – 23.5| = 0.9°
|24.8 – 23.5| = 1.3°
Aizawl has the smallest difference (0.2°) and is therefore the nearest to the Tropic of Cancer.
The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states in India: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. Aizawl is the capital of Mizoram. Rajkot is in Gujarat, Kolkata is in West Bengal, and Imphal is the capital of Manipur.

192. Which one among the following is *not* correct regarding the black soi

Which one among the following is *not* correct regarding the black soils of Peninsular India?

[amp_mcq option1=”Rich in iron, lime and potash” option2=”Retentive in moisture” option3=”Fertile and well-suited for growing sugarcane” option4=”Rich in phosphorus and organic matter” correct=”option4″]

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The statement that black soils are rich in phosphorus and organic matter is incorrect.
Black soils (Regur) are derived from weathering of basaltic rocks (Deccan Traps) and are rich in minerals like iron, lime, calcium, potash, aluminium, and magnesium. They have a high clay content, which gives them excellent moisture retention capacity. They are generally fertile and suitable for crops like cotton, sugarcane, groundnut, tobacco, and millets. However, they are typically deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter (humus).
The deficiency in phosphorus and organic matter means that these nutrients often need to be supplemented through fertilizers for optimal crop yield, especially for nutrient-demanding crops like sugarcane. Their characteristic black colour is attributed to the presence of titanium salts and iron oxides.

193. Which one among the following systems contains the oldest rock formati

Which one among the following systems contains the oldest rock formation of India?

[amp_mcq option1=”Aravalli System” option2=”Archean System” option3=”Cuddapah System” option4=”Vindhyan System” correct=”option2″]

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The Archean System contains the oldest rock formations of India.
The Archean System represents the oldest geological era (approximately 4 billion to 2.5 billion years ago) and comprises the basement complex of India. It includes highly metamorphosed rocks like gneisses, schists, and charnockites, often referred to as the “Archean Gneiss Complex”. These rocks form the core of the Indian Peninsular block. Younger rock systems like Dharwar (part of Archean/Proterozoic), Cuddapah (Purana), and Vindhyan (Purana) were deposited or formed upon this ancient base.
The Dharwar System, though often grouped with Archean, represents the oldest sedimentary rocks formed during the Archean/Proterozoic transition, deposited on the Archean basement. The Cuddapah and Vindhyan systems are part of the Purana Group (Proterozoic era), which are significantly younger than the Archean formations. While the Aravalli *range* structure is formed from ancient rocks, the oldest *rock formations* themselves belong to the Archean era.

194. Which one among the following statements is *not* correct?

Which one among the following statements is *not* correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”Shillong Plateau is an outlier of Peninsular Plateau of India” option2=”Aravalli Mountain is the oldest mountain chain of India” option3=”Vindhyans are examples of fold mountain” option4=”Rajmahal Highlands are composed of lava deposits” correct=”option3″]

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The incorrect statement is that Vindhyans are examples of fold mountains.
The Vindhyan Range is primarily composed of horizontally bedded sedimentary rocks like sandstones, shales, and limestones, belonging to the Vindhyan System, a younger part of the Purana group. These mountains are considered block mountains or residual mountains formed due to faulting, uplift, and subsequent erosion, rather than folding.
Statement A is correct; the Shillong Plateau (Meghalaya Plateau) is geologically an eastward extension of the Peninsular Plateau, separated by the Malda Gap. Statement B is correct; the Aravalli range is one of the oldest fold mountain systems in the world. Statement D is correct; the Rajmahal Highlands in eastern Jharkhand are composed of volcanic rocks (basalt) which are part of the Deccan Traps volcanic province.

195. Which of the following statements are correct? 1. Sediments of Gondw

Which of the following statements are correct?

  • 1. Sediments of Gondwana System were deposited under marine condition.
  • 2. Rocks of Gondwana System are fossiliferous.
  • 3. Rocks of Gondwana System contain metallic mineral deposits.
  • 4. Gondwana deposition took place in downfaulted trough.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3″ option2=”1, 2 and 4″ option3=”2 and 4 only” option4=”1 and 3 only” correct=”option3″]

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The correct statements regarding the Gondwana System are that its rocks are fossiliferous and deposition took place in downfaulted troughs. Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.
The Gondwana System is renowned for its extensive coal deposits in India, formed from plant material accumulated in terrestrial (fluviatile and lacustrine) environments. The deposition occurred in large, elongated basins or troughs created by faulting (rift valleys). These rocks are highly fossiliferous, containing plant, fish, reptile, and amphibian fossils, crucial for understanding the palaeoclimate and palaeogeography of the supercontinent Gondwana.
Statement 1 is incorrect because Gondwana sediments in India were primarily deposited under fresh-water fluviatile and lacustrine conditions, not marine. While marine incursions occurred in some Gondwana basins globally, the dominant mode of deposition in India was terrestrial. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Gondwana System is primarily known for non-metallic mineral deposits like coal, sandstone, and clay. Metallic mineral deposits are more commonly associated with older rock systems like the Dharwar and Archean systems.

196. Which one among the following is the nearest from the ‘Zero Mile Centr

Which one among the following is the nearest from the ‘Zero Mile Centre’ of India?

[amp_mcq option1=”Taj Mahal” option2=”Charminar” option3=”Gateway of India” option4=”Victoria Memorial” correct=”option2″]

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The ‘Zero Mile Centre’ is a monument located in Nagpur, Maharashtra, signifying the geographical centre of India. Among the options provided, Charminar is located in Hyderabad, Telangana. Hyderabad is geographically closer to Nagpur compared to Agra (Taj Mahal), Mumbai (Gateway of India), or Kolkata (Victoria Memorial).
This question tests general geographical knowledge about the locations of prominent landmarks in India and their relative positions.
The Zero Mile Stone in Nagpur was erected by the British and used to measure distances across India.

197. Which one among the following Indian States shares international bound

Which one among the following Indian States shares international boundaries with three nations?

[amp_mcq option1=”Uttarakhand” option2=”Himachal Pradesh” option3=”Arunachal Pradesh” option4=”Assam” correct=”option3″]

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The state of Arunachal Pradesh shares international boundaries with three countries: Bhutan to the west, China (Tibet Autonomous Region) to the north and northeast, and Myanmar (Burma) to the southeast.
Identifying states bordering multiple countries requires knowledge of India’s geographical boundaries and its neighbours.
Uttarakhand borders China and Nepal. Himachal Pradesh borders China. Assam borders Bhutan and Bangladesh. Other states bordering three nations include Jammu and Kashmir (before bifurcation into UTs, with Pakistan, China, Afghanistan – disputed border claims), Sikkim (Nepal, Bhutan, China), and West Bengal (Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh).

198. Which one among the following Indian States shares boundaries with the

Which one among the following Indian States shares boundaries with the largest number of States?

[amp_mcq option1=”Madhya Pradesh” option2=”Chhattisgarh” option3=”Maharashtra” option4=”Assam” correct=”option4″]

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To find the state sharing boundaries with the largest number of states, list the bordering states for each option:
A) Madhya Pradesh: Borders Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh (5 states).
B) Chhattisgarh: Borders Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Telangana (formerly part of undivided AP), Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh (6 states).
C) Maharashtra: Borders Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Karnataka, Goa (6 states).
D) Assam: Borders Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, West Bengal (7 states).
Determine the neighbouring states for each of the given options by referring to a map of India.
Count the number of bordering states for each option.
Compare the counts to find the state bordering the largest number of others.
Assam’s geographical location in the Northeast makes it share borders with most of the other northeastern states as well as West Bengal. While it also shares international borders, the question specifically asks for Indian states.

199. Given below are some of the important training institutes of the India

Given below are some of the important training institutes of the Indian Army :

1. High Altitude Warfare School

2. College of Military Engineering

3. Army War College

4. Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School

Arrange the locations of the above institutes from North to South.

[amp_mcq option1=”1-4-3-2″ option2=”4-1-2-3″ option3=”2-3-1-4″ option4=”3-1-4-2″ correct=”option1″]

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The correct North to South arrangement of the training institutes is High Altitude Warfare School (Gulmarg), Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (Vairengte), Army War College (Mhow), and College of Military Engineering (Pune).
– High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) is located in Gulmarg, Jammu & Kashmir (Northernmost).
– Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJWS) is located in Vairengte, Mizoram (Northeast, south of J&K).
– Army War College (AWC) is located in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh (Central India, south of J&K and Mizoram).
– College of Military Engineering (CME) is located in Pune, Maharashtra (Western India, south of MP).
Arranging these from North to South gives the sequence: Gulmarg (1) -> Vairengte (4) -> Mhow (3) -> Pune (2).
These are premier training institutions of the Indian Army, specializing in different aspects of warfare and military engineering relevant to various terrains and conflict types.

200. Consider the following statements about irrigation in Punjab : 1. In

Consider the following statements about irrigation in Punjab :

  • 1. Intensity of irrigation is the highest among all Indian States.
  • 2. Area under canal irrigation is the highest among all Indian States.
  • 3. There has been severe land degradation in Punjab owing to agricultural modernization including high intensity of irrigation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3″ option2=”1 and 3 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1 only” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
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Statement 1: Punjab has one of the highest, if not the highest, intensities of irrigation among all Indian states due to its dominant agrarian economy and extensive irrigation infrastructure. Statement 2: While Punjab has significant canal irrigation, states like Uttar Pradesh have a larger total area under canal irrigation. Punjab relies heavily on both canals and groundwater (tubewells), with groundwater often irrigating a larger area than canals. Statement 3: High intensity of irrigation, coupled with practices like monoculture and heavy use of chemicals associated with the Green Revolution, has led to severe problems in Punjab, including waterlogging, soil salinity, declining water table, and nutrient imbalance, resulting in significant land degradation.
Punjab’s agriculture is highly modernized and dependent on irrigation, which, while boosting production, has also resulted in environmental challenges like land degradation and water resource depletion.
The excessive withdrawal of groundwater for irrigation has led to a significant drop in the water table in many parts of Punjab, adding another layer to the environmental concerns arising from intensive irrigation.
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