Indian Geography

171. Which of the following statements are correct ? 1. Kolkata port is t

Which of the following statements are correct ?

  • 1. Kolkata port is the only riverine major port of India
  • 2. The port of Cochin is located on the Willington Island
  • 3. Maharashtra has three major ports
  • 4. Mundra port is India’s largest private sector port

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”3 and 4 only” option3=”2, 3 and 4″ option4=”1, 2 and 4″ correct=”option4″]

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The correct answer is D) 1, 2 and 4.
– Statement 1: Kolkata port is the only riverine major port of India. This statement is correct. Kolkata Port (Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port) is located on the Hooghly River, making it a riverine port. It is India’s only major port situated on a river.
– Statement 2: The port of Cochin is located on the Willington Island. This statement is correct. Cochin Port is built on Willingdon Island, a man-made island in the Vembanad Lake, Kerala.
– Statement 3: Maharashtra has three major ports. This statement is incorrect. Maharashtra has two major ports: Mumbai Port and Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT). There are other ports in Maharashtra, but only these two are classified as major ports.
– Statement 4: Mundra port is India’s largest private sector port. This statement is correct. Mundra Port, located in Gujarat and operated by Adani Ports and SEZ Limited, is India’s largest private port by cargo handling capacity and volume.
As per the classification by the Ministry of Shipping, Government of India, there are 12 major ports in India. Statement 3 is factually incorrect regarding the number of major ports in Maharashtra. Statements 1, 2, and 4 provide accurate information about the respective ports.

172. Which one of the following is the correct order of formation of geolog

Which one of the following is the correct order of formation of geological systems in India in terms of their age ? (Starting with the oldest)

[amp_mcq option1=”Dharwars – Aravallis – Vindhyans – Cuddapahs” option2=”Aravallis – Dharwars – Cuddapahs – Vindhyans” option3=”Vindhyans – Dharwars – Aravallis – Cuddapahs” option4=”Cuddapahs – Vindhyans – Dharwars – Aravallis” correct=”option2″]

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The correct order of formation of these geological systems in India, from oldest to youngest, is Aravallis – Dharwars – Cuddapahs – Vindhyans.
The geological systems listed represent a sequence from the very old Precambrian basement rocks and fold mountains to younger Proterozoic sedimentary basins:
– Aravallis: Represents some of the oldest fold mountains and includes Archaean basement rocks and Proterozoic fold belts (Delhi Supergroup). The Archaean basement is among the oldest rocks.
– Dharwars: Archaean to Early Proterozoic greenstone belts and associated gneisses, found in the Dharwar Craton. Formed after the initial crustal stabilization which included the basement components found in Aravallis.
– Cuddapahs: Lower to Middle Proterozoic sedimentary basin deposits (Purana Group), laid down unconformably over the older Archaean and Dharwar rocks.
– Vindhyans: Upper Proterozoic to Lower Paleozoic sedimentary basin deposits (Purana Group), overlying the Cuddapahs and older formations. The Vindhyans are younger than the Cuddapahs.
Thus, the relative chronological order is generally Aravallis (basement/oldest) -> Dharwars -> Cuddapahs -> Vindhyans.
This sequence is part of the stratigraphic column of the Indian subcontinent, illustrating its formation and evolution over billions of years. The Precambrian era covers a vast span of time and includes the formation of cratons and early mountain building (like Aravallis).

173. Which of the following statements relating to Dharwar geological syste

Which of the following statements relating to Dharwar geological system are correct ?

  • 1. They belong to Archaean geological period
  • 2. They are metamorphosed sedimentary rocks
  • 3. They are of great economic importance for its mineral resources
  • 4. They are found predominantly in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Jharkhand

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2, 3 and 4″ option2=”2, 3 and 4 only” option3=”3 and 4 only” option4=”1 and 2 only” correct=”option1″]

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All four statements relating to the Dharwar geological system are correct in the context of general geological understanding.
1. They belong to Archaean geological period: The Dharwar Supergroup represents formations predominantly from the Late Archaean to Early Proterozoic eons. Referring to them as belonging to the Archaean period is appropriate as this covers a significant part of their formation age and geological importance.
2. They are metamorphosed sedimentary rocks: Dharwar sequences include metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks, characteristic of greenstone belts found in ancient cratons. This statement is correct.
3. They are of great economic importance for its mineral resources: The Dharwar regions are rich in valuable mineral deposits, including gold (Hutti and Kolar), iron ore, manganese, copper, etc. This statement is correct.
4. They are found predominantly in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Jharkhand: The core Dharwar Craton is located in Karnataka, but formations of similar age and characteristics extend into adjoining states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Jharkhand. Listing these states is accurate regarding their predominant presence.
The Dharwar Craton is one of the oldest and most stable continental blocks globally, providing insights into early Earth processes and hosting significant mineral wealth.

174. Consider the following statements relating to salt production in India

Consider the following statements relating to salt production in India :

  • 1. India is the second largest producer of iodised salt in the world next only to China
  • 2. Salt mining is carried out in Himachal Pradesh
  • 3. Gujarat is the leading producer of salt in India
  • 4. Ground water is the important source of salt in Rajasthan

Which of the statements given above are correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”3 and 4 only” option3=”1, 2 and 3″ option4=”2, 3 and 4″ correct=”option4″]

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Statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct. Statement 1 is likely incorrect or requires specific data context not universally agreed upon, given the options provided.
1. India is the second largest producer of iodised salt in the world next only to China: While India is a significant global salt producer (typically ranked 3rd overall) and has a large iodisation program, definitively stating it is the *second largest producer of iodised salt* after China lacks widespread confirmation across various international sources, making its correctness debatable.
2. Salt mining is carried out in Himachal Pradesh: Yes, rock salt deposits are mined in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh (e.g., Drang and Guma mines). This statement is correct.
3. Gujarat is the leading producer of salt in India: Yes, Gujarat is the largest salt-producing state in India, contributing over 75% of the country’s total production, mainly from seawater evaporation along its coastline. This statement is correct.
4. Ground water is the important source of salt in Rajasthan: Yes, inland salt lakes like Sambhar Lake and sub-soil brine wells, which are fed by saline groundwater, are major sources of salt production in Rajasthan. This statement is correct.
Salt production in India comes from various sources: seawater, inland lakes, sub-soil brine, and rock salt deposits. Mandatory iodisation is in place for edible salt in India to address iodine deficiency.

175. Which one of the following rivers flows between Satpura and Vindhya ra

Which one of the following rivers flows between Satpura and Vindhya ranges ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Tapi” option2=”Sabarmati” option3=”Narmada” option4=”Mahi” correct=”option3″]

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The Narmada River flows through a rift valley located between the Vindhya Range in the north and the Satpura Range in the south.
– The Narmada is one of the major west-flowing rivers in India, originating near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh and flowing through Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat before draining into the Arabian Sea.
– It flows through a fault or rift valley formed due to geological processes.
– The Tapi (Tapti) River also flows westwards through a rift valley, but it is located south of the Satpura Range.
– The Vindhya and Satpura ranges are prominent mountain ranges in central India, running roughly parallel to each other.
The Narmada rift valley is a significant geological feature. Unlike most major Indian rivers (like Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery) which flow eastwards into the Bay of Bengal, the Narmada, Tapi, and Mahi flow westwards into the Arabian Sea. This westward flow is attributed to the rift valleys they occupy.

176. Which one among the following States is the leading producer of salt i

Which one among the following States is the leading producer of salt in India ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Rajasthan” option2=”Gujarat” option3=”Tamil Nadu” option4=”Andhra Pradesh” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is Gujarat. Gujarat is the largest producer of salt in India, contributing a significant percentage of the country’s total salt production.
Salt production in India heavily relies on coastal areas and inland lakes/salt pans. Gujarat’s long coastline and salt-rich areas like the Rann of Kutch make it ideal for salt production, primarily through evaporation of seawater.
Other major salt-producing states in India include Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan (from Sambhar Lake), and Andhra Pradesh. However, Gujarat consistently leads in production volume. India is also one of the largest salt producers globally.

177. Which one among the following States is the leading producer of petrol

Which one among the following States is the leading producer of petroleum (crude) in India ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Assam” option2=”Gujarat” option3=”Maharashtra” option4=”Andhra Pradesh” correct=”option3″]

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In India, crude petroleum production comes from both offshore and onshore fields. The largest single producing region is the offshore Mumbai High field, located in the Arabian Sea. The state associated with this major offshore production is Maharashtra. While states like Assam (Digboi, Naharkatiya), Gujarat (Ankleshwar, Kalol), and Rajasthan (Barmer) have significant onshore production, offshore fields, primarily Mumbai High, contribute the largest share to India’s crude oil output. Therefore, Maharashtra is typically the leading producer among the given options.
India’s major crude oil production areas include Assam (oldest), Gujarat, Rajasthan (major recent discoveries), Andhra Pradesh (onshore and offshore Krishna-Godavari basin), and significant offshore fields like Mumbai High (Arabian Sea) and Bassein.
Mumbai High field, operated by ONGC, is the backbone of India’s domestic crude oil production. Although onshore production is distributed across several states, the volume from offshore fields, accounted under the nearest state (Maharashtra), often makes it the top producer state-wise when considering total production. Rajasthan has emerged as a major onshore producer in recent decades. Production figures can fluctuate year to year, but historically and generally, Maharashtra leads due to Mumbai High.

178. Which one among the following is the correct order of west flowing riv

Which one among the following is the correct order of west flowing rivers in terms of decreasing size of their river basins ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Narmada — Tapi — Sabarmati — Mahi” option2=”Tapi — Narmada — Mahi — Sabarmati” option3=”Sabarmati — Narmada — Tapi — Mahi” option4=”Narmada — Tapi — Mahi — Sabarmati” correct=”option4″]

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The major west-flowing rivers in peninsular India are the Narmada and Tapi, which flow into the Arabian Sea. Other significant west-flowing rivers include the Mahi, Sabarmati, Luni (inland drainage), Periyar, Bharatpuzha, etc. Comparing the basin sizes of the rivers listed in the options:
– Narmada River Basin: Approximately 98,796 sq km. It is the largest west-flowing river basin in Peninsular India.
– Tapi River Basin: Approximately 65,145 sq km.
– Mahi River Basin: Approximately 34,842 sq km.
– Sabarmati River Basin: Approximately 21,674 sq km.
Arranging these in decreasing order of basin size: Narmada (98,796) > Tapi (65,145) > Mahi (34,842) > Sabarmati (21,674).
The correct order is Narmada — Tapi — Mahi — Sabarmati.
Narmada and Tapi are the largest west-flowing rivers of Peninsular India, flowing through rift valleys. Basin size refers to the total area drained by a river and its tributaries.
Most major peninsular rivers in India flow eastwards into the Bay of Bengal, forming large deltas (e.g., Ganga-Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery). The west-flowing rivers, particularly Narmada and Tapi, flow through rift valleys and form estuaries instead of deltas.

179. Regur soil is most suitable for the cultivation of :

Regur soil is most suitable for the cultivation of :

[amp_mcq option1=”Groundnut” option2=”Cotton” option3=”Tobacco” option4=”Sugarcane” correct=”option2″]

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Regur soil is the local name for Black soil found in India, particularly in the Deccan Trap region. These soils are known for their high clay content and ability to retain moisture, making them very fertile for certain crops, especially cotton. Black soil is often referred to as “black cotton soil” due to its suitability for cotton cultivation.
Regur soil is synonymous with Black soil in India and is derived from weathering of volcanic rocks. Its key characteristic is its moisture-retentive capacity and high fertility for cotton.
While black soils can also be used for other crops like sugarcane, groundnut, jowar, etc., cotton is the most prominently associated crop with Regur soil because of the soil’s unique properties that suit cotton cultivation well, such as its ability to retain moisture during dry spells.

180. Arrange the following National Parks of India from North to South dire

Arrange the following National Parks of India from North to South direction :
1. Indravati National Park
2. Nagarhole National Park
3. Corbett National Park
4. Madhav National Park
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 3, 2, 4″ option2=”2, 1, 4, 3″ option3=”3, 4, 1, 2″ option4=”2, 3, 4, 1″ correct=”option3″]

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Arranging the National Parks from North to South direction gives the sequence 3, 4, 1, 2.
The approximate locations of the National Parks are:
1. Indravati National Park: Chhattisgarh (Central India)
2. Nagarhole National Park: Karnataka (South India)
3. Corbett National Park: Uttarakhand (Northern India)
4. Madhav National Park: Madhya Pradesh (Central India)

Ordering by approximate latitude from North to South:
– Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand) is located in the northernmost part among the given options, in the Himalayan foothills.
– Madhav National Park (Madhya Pradesh) is located south of Uttarakhand, in central India.
– Indravati National Park (Chhattisgarh) is located south-east of Madhya Pradesh, further south in central India.
– Nagarhole National Park (Karnataka) is located in the southern part of India.

So the order from North to South is: Corbett (3) -> Madhav (4) -> Indravati (1) -> Nagarhole (2). This corresponds to the sequence 3, 4, 1, 2.

Knowing the geographical location of key places like National Parks is important for questions related to mapping and geography. Uttarakhand is part of the North Indian states. Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are in Central India, with MP generally slightly more northerly than Chhattisgarh. Karnataka is one of the Southern Indian states.
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