Indian Geography

1. In which city of India is the institution by the name ‘National Water

In which city of India is the institution by the name ‘National Water Academy’ (NWA) established ?

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Bengaluru
Pune
Hyderabad
Kochi
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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The correct answer is Pune.
The National Water Academy (NWA) is located in Pune, Maharashtra. It is a premier institution responsible for training in water resources development and management.
NWA functions under the Central Water Commission (CWC), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India. It conducts training programs for engineers and professionals in the water sector.

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2. Which one of the following juicy vegetables is traditionally cultivate

Which one of the following juicy vegetables is traditionally cultivated as a mixed crop by Naga farmers in Jhum cultivation?

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Cucumber
Carrot
Bitter Gourd
Beetroot
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
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Cucumber is a juicy vegetable traditionally cultivated as a mixed crop by Naga farmers in Jhum cultivation.
Jhum cultivation in Nagaland involves mixed cropping where various crops are grown together in a plot. Cucumbers (locally known as ‘Khi’) are a popular and traditional crop in Naga jhum fields, fitting the description of a juicy vegetable. They are often grown alongside maize, rice, millets, beans, and other vegetables.
Cucumbers thrive in the climate and soil conditions of the region and provide a source of hydration and nutrition. Their growth habit also fits well within a mixed cropping system. While other vegetables are also grown, cucumbers are particularly prominent and fit the “juicy” description.

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3. Which of the following pairs of floristic regions is/are correctly mat

Which of the following pairs of floristic regions is/are correctly matched ?

  • 1. The Western Himalayan region : Darjeeling and Kurseong
  • 2. The Eastern Himalayan region : Kashmir to Kumaon
  • 3. The Indus Plain region : Punjab, Western Rajasthan and Northern Gujarat

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1 only
1 and 2 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
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The correct answer is C, as only the third pair is correctly matched.
India is divided into various floristic regions based on climate, topography, and vegetation characteristics. Statement 1 is incorrect because Darjeeling and Kurseong are located in the Eastern Himalayan region. Statement 2 is incorrect because the region from Kashmir to Kumaon falls under the Western Himalayan region. Statement 3 correctly identifies the Indus Plain region’s coverage, which includes parts of Punjab, Western Rajasthan, and Northern Gujarat, characterized by arid and semi-arid vegetation.
Broadly, India’s floristic regions include the Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Indus Plain, Gangetic Plain, Deccan Plateau, Malabar, Assam, Central India, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These regions have distinct floral compositions influenced by their specific ecological conditions.

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4. Miami in USA has the highest number of Art Deco buildings. Which one o

Miami in USA has the highest number of Art Deco buildings. Which one of the following Indian cities is second in this list ?

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Hyderabad
Kolkata
Chennai
Mumbai
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
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The correct answer is Mumbai.
Mumbai is recognized as having the second largest number of Art Deco buildings in the world, after Miami. Its collection of 19th and 20th Century Buildings, including the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles, is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
The Art Deco movement arrived in Mumbai (then Bombay) in the 1930s and became a popular architectural style. These buildings are primarily located along the Oval Maidan and Marine Drive.

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5. Which among the following pairs of rivers and regions is/are not corre

Which among the following pairs of rivers and regions is/are not correctly matched?

  • 1. Indus river : Himalayan region
  • 2. Godavari river : Deccan region
  • 3. Luni river : Coastal region

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 only
1 and 2 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2019-20
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The Luni river flows through the inland arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat, eventually draining into the Rann of Kutch, which is a marshy area near the coast, but the river itself is not characteristic of a typical coastal river or region. The Indus river system originates in the Himalayas and flows through the Himalayan region, and the Godavari river is a major river of the Deccan Plateau. Therefore, only the Luni river is not correctly matched with the Coastal region.
– Pair 1 (Indus river : Himalayan region) is correctly matched as the Indus originates in the Himalayas and flows through the region.
– Pair 2 (Godavari river : Deccan region) is correctly matched as the Godavari is a major river flowing across the Deccan Plateau.
– Pair 3 (Luni river : Coastal region) is incorrectly matched as the Luni is primarily an inland river flowing through arid regions, not a coastal region.
– The question asks for the pair(s) that are *not* correctly matched.
The Luni is the largest salt-water river in India. It originates in the Aravalli Range near Ajmer and flows southwest. It is an ephemeral river, drying up before reaching the sea, getting lost in the sands of the Rann of Kutch. Its course is entirely inland, except for its terminus near the Rann.

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6. The Government of India, through Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves L

The Government of India, through Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd. (ISPRL), has set up Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR). Which among the following are correct locations for these reserves?
1. Hyderabad
2. Visakhapatnam
3. Mangaluru
4. Padur
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
2, 3 and 4
1 and 4
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UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2019-20
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The Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd. (ISPRL), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Oil Industry Development Board under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, has established strategic petroleum reserves at three locations in India: Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Mangaluru (Karnataka), and Padur (Karnataka). Hyderabad is not a location for these strategic reserves.
– The operational Strategic Petroleum Reserve locations in India are Visakhapatnam, Mangaluru, and Padur.
– These are underground rock cavern storage facilities.
– Hyderabad is an inland city and is not one of the coastal or near-coastal locations chosen for the SPR due to logistical and geological considerations suitable for underground rock caverns near ports.
– Statements 2, 3, and 4 list the correct locations. Statement 1 lists an incorrect location.
The SPR program is aimed at ensuring energy security for India by creating a reserve to address supply disruptions. Phase I involved the construction of the facilities at Visakhapatnam (1.33 MMT), Mangaluru (1.5 MMT), and Padur (2.5 MMT). Phase II is underway to build additional reserves at Chandikhol (Odisha) and Padur (additional capacity in Karnataka).

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7. According to the India’s State of Forest Report, 2021, based on area-w

According to the India’s State of Forest Report, 2021, based on area-wise, which one of the following States is having the largest forest cover in the country?

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Madhya Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
Maharashtra
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2019-20
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The correct option is A. According to the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021, Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country based on area.
– The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) is a biennial report published by the Forest Survey of India (FSI), which assesses the forest and tree resources of the country.
– As per the ISFR 2021, the top five states in terms of forest cover area are:
1. Madhya Pradesh
2. Arunachal Pradesh
3. Chhattisgarh
4. Odisha
5. Maharashtra
– The question specifically asks for the state with the largest forest cover based on *area-wise*.
It is important to distinguish between forest cover by area and forest cover as a percentage of the total geographical area. In terms of percentage of total geographical area, the top five states are Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Nagaland. Arunachal Pradesh appears in both lists but tops in percentage in the Northeast and is second in overall area.

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8. Which of the following States in India has the largest producer of cof

Which of the following States in India has the largest producer of coffee crop?

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Kerala
Maharashtra
Telangana
Karnataka
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2019-20
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Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee crop in India.
Karnataka accounts for the major share of coffee production in India, typically around 70% of the total output. The primary coffee-growing regions in Karnataka are Chikmagalur, Kodagu (Coorg), and Hassan.
Kerala and Tamil Nadu are the second and third largest coffee-producing states, respectively. Indian coffee is well-known globally for its quality, particularly Arabica and Robusta varieties grown under shade.

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9. Among the riverine major ports in India, which one of the following is

Among the riverine major ports in India, which one of the following is the oldest port having been in existence for more than 100 years?

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Cochin Port
New Mangalore Port
Paradip Port
Kolkata Port
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2019-20
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Among the riverine major ports in India, the oldest port having been in existence for more than 100 years is Kolkata Port.
– Kolkata Port (now Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port) is located on the Hooghly River, a distributary of the Ganga. It is a riverine port. It is one of the oldest major ports in India, with operations tracing back to the era of the British East India Company in the late 17th century. It became a major port well over 100 years ago.
– Cochin Port is located on the Arabian Sea coast, not a riverine port.
– New Mangalore Port is located on the Arabian Sea coast, not a riverine port. It was commissioned in 1974.
– Paradip Port is located on the Bay of Bengal coast, near the confluence of the Mahanadi river and the sea. While it’s near a river mouth, it’s an artificial deep-water port built in the 1960s, much younger than Kolkata Port.
Kolkata Port is India’s only major riverine port. Its history is deeply intertwined with the colonial era and trade routes to Eastern India. Its long history clearly satisfies the condition of being in existence for more than 100 years.

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10. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

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List-I
(Tribe)		List-II
(Dominating region)
A. Gaddi1. Rajasthan
B. Munda2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
C. Bhil3. Jharkhand
D. Jarawa4. Himachal Pradesh

Code :

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A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2024
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The correct matching of tribes to their dominating regions is: Gaddi – Himachal Pradesh, Munda – Jharkhand, Bhil – Rajasthan, Jarawa – Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This corresponds to code C.
– Gaddi: A prominent tribal community found primarily in the mountainous regions of Himachal Pradesh, particularly in the Chamba district.
– Munda: A major tribe of eastern India, concentrated mainly in the state of Jharkhand, and also found in parts of Odisha, West Bengal, and Bihar.
– Bhil: One of the largest tribal groups in India, with significant populations in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. Rajasthan is one of their major regions.
– Jarawa: One of the indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands (Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India).
Based on the primary or dominating regions:
A. Gaddi is primarily associated with Himachal Pradesh (4).
B. Munda is primarily associated with Jharkhand (3).
C. Bhil is significantly present in Rajasthan (1).
D. Jarawa is exclusively found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (2).
Thus, the correct match is A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2, which is option C.

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