India: Population

31. India is still a young country as the median age of its population is

India is still a young country as the median age of its population is

[amp_mcq option1=”Less than 25 years” option2=”Between 25 to 30 years” option3=”Between 30 to 35 years” option4=”Between 35 to 40 years” correct=”option2″]

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UPSC CDS-2 – 2022
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India is considered a young country primarily due to its low median age. The median age of India’s population is currently between 25 to 30 years (often cited around 28 or 29 years as per recent data). This indicates that half of the population is younger than this age, reflecting a significant youth demographic.
– A low median age signifies a large proportion of young people in the population.
– This demographic profile is often referred to as a “demographic dividend,” representing a potential for economic growth due to a large working-age population.
In contrast, many developed countries have a much higher median age, often above 40, indicating an aging population. While India’s median age is rising, it remains significantly lower than that of older economies, placing it among the younger countries globally.

32. If you were to browse a table of a recent period showing life expectan

If you were to browse a table of a recent period showing life expectancy at birth for all categories of rural-urban and male-female divisions for all States of India, you are not likely to observe that
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

  • Urban life expectancy is higher than the rural one.
  • Male life expectancy is higher than the female one.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is B. You are not likely to observe that Male life expectancy is higher than the female one.
– Statement 1: Urban life expectancy is generally higher than rural life expectancy in India, primarily due to better access to healthcare, sanitation, education, and living conditions in urban areas compared to rural areas. This is a well-established trend.
– Statement 2: Female life expectancy is generally higher than male life expectancy in India, as is the global trend. This is attributed to various factors including biological differences, lifestyle choices, and resilience to certain diseases. While the gap exists and has fluctuated, females typically outlive males. Therefore, observing that male life expectancy is higher than female life expectancy is highly unlikely based on available data.
Data from various sources like the Registrar General of India (Sample Registration System – SRS) consistently show higher life expectancy for females than males in India.

33. In a discussion, M from Arunachal Pradesh, J from Assam, N from Meghal

In a discussion, M from Arunachal Pradesh, J from Assam, N from Meghalaya and S from Nagaland are claiming that as per Census 2011, their State has the maximum density of population. Identify the person making the correct claim.

[amp_mcq option1=”M” option2=”J” option3=”N” option4=”S” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2021
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The correct answer is J.
We need to compare the population densities of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and Nagaland as per Census 2011:
– Arunachal Pradesh: 17 persons per sq km (M)
– Assam: 398 persons per sq km (J)
– Meghalaya: 132 persons per sq km (N)
– Nagaland: 119 persons per sq km (S)
Comparing the densities (17, 398, 132, 119), the maximum density among these four states is 398, which is the density of Assam. Therefore, the person from Assam (J) is making the correct claim.
Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest population density among all states in India. Assam is one of the more densely populated states in the Northeast region, although its density is lower than the national average (382 in 2011).

34. Consider the following statements with respect to the adolescent popul

Consider the following statements with respect to the adolescent population (age group of 10 to 19 years) of India, according to the 2011 Census:

  • Adolescent population comprises half the population of the country.
  • The group is regarded as youthful population with high potential.
  • In this group there are greater number of females than males.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”1 and 2″ option4=”2 and 3″ correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
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The correct answer is 2 only.
Let’s analyze each statement based on Census 2011 data:
1. Adolescent population comprises half the population of the country: According to the 2011 Census, the population in the age group 10-19 years was approximately 243 million out of a total population of 1210 million. This is roughly 20%, not half (50%). Statement 1 is incorrect.
2. The group is regarded as youthful population with high potential: The age group 10-19 years is considered part of the young population, and its potential contribution to the future workforce and development is widely recognized. This is a generally accepted demographic perspective. Statement 2 is correct.
3. In this group there are greater number of females than males: The child sex ratio (0-6 years) was adverse, and the sex ratio (females per 1000 males) for older age groups also showed fewer females than males at the national level in 2011. For the 10-19 age group, the sex ratio was significantly below 1000, indicating fewer females than males. Statement 3 is incorrect.
The high proportion of young people in India is often referred to as a demographic dividend, representing a potential asset for economic growth if this population is educated and skilled. However, challenges related to education, health, and employment for adolescents are also significant.

35. Decadal growth rate of population in percentage was highest in India i

Decadal growth rate of population in percentage was highest in India in the year

[amp_mcq option1=”1991″ option2=”1981″ option3=”1971″ option4=”1961″ correct=”option3″]

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UPSC CDS-2 – 2020
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The decadal growth rate of population in percentage was highest in India in the decade ending in 1971.
The decade from 1961 to 1971 recorded the highest decadal growth rate of India’s population since independence, standing at 24.80%. This period saw a significant decline in the death rate due to improvements in healthcare, while the birth rate remained high.
Subsequent decades saw a gradual decline in the decadal growth rate, although the absolute increase in population remained high for some time due to the large base population. The growth rates for the decades ending in 1981, 1991, and 2001 were 24.66%, 23.87%, and 21.54% respectively.

36. As per Census 2011, the concentration of Scheduled Caste population (g

As per Census 2011, the concentration of Scheduled Caste population (going by percentage of Scheduled Caste population to total population of the State) is the highest in the State of

[amp_mcq option1=”Uttar Pradesh” option2=”Himachal Pradesh” option3=”Punjab” option4=”West Bengal” correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is C) Punjab.
As per Census 2011 data, Punjab has the highest percentage of Scheduled Caste (SC) population relative to its total population among the given options and indeed among all states in India. The percentage of SC population in Punjab according to the 2011 Census was approximately 31.9%.
For comparison, the percentage of SC population in the other states listed in 2011 were approximately: Uttar Pradesh (20.7%), Himachal Pradesh (25.2%), and West Bengal (23.5%). While Uttar Pradesh has the largest absolute number of SC persons, Punjab has the highest proportion of SC population within its total population.

37. The rate of population growth during 2001-2011 decade declined over th

The rate of population growth during 2001-2011 decade declined over the previous decade (1991-2001) in all of the following States, except

[amp_mcq option1=”Tamil Nadu” option2=”Kerala” option3=”Goa” option4=”Andhra Pradesh” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2018
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The correct answer is A) Tamil Nadu.
The question asks which state did *not* show a decline in the rate of population growth between the 1991-2001 decade and the 2001-2011 decade. This means the growth rate either increased or stayed the same in that state. Looking at the decadal growth rates for the specified periods:
– Tamil Nadu: 1991-2001 (11.72%), 2001-2011 (15.60%). Growth rate increased.
– Kerala: 1991-2001 (9.43%), 2001-2011 (4.91%). Growth rate declined.
– Goa: 1991-2001 (14.89%), 2001-2011 (8.23%). Growth rate declined.
– Andhra Pradesh: 1991-2001 (14.59%), 2001-2011 (10.98%). Growth rate declined.
Only Tamil Nadu recorded an increase in the decadal growth rate during 2001-2011 compared to 1991-2001 among the given options.
Population growth rates are crucial demographic indicators. A decline in the growth rate signifies a slowing down of population increase, which can be attributed to various factors such as declining fertility rates, increased awareness and access to family planning, and socio-economic changes. While many states showed a decline in growth rate during the 2001-2011 decade, some states like Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and Bihar showed an increase.

38. Which one of the following is the correct ascending sequence of States

Which one of the following is the correct ascending sequence of States in terms of their population density as per Census 2011?

[amp_mcq option1=”Arunachal Pradesh—Sikkim—Mizoram—Himachal Pradesh” option2=”Arunachal Pradesh—Sikkim—Himachal Pradesh—Mizoram” option3=”Mizoram—Arunachal Pradesh—Himachal Pradesh—Sikkim” option4=”Arunachal Pradesh—Himachal Pradesh—Sikkim—Mizoram” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2018
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Based on commonly accepted data for Census 2011, the correct ascending order of population density for these states is Arunachal Pradesh (17) < Mizoram (52) < Sikkim (86) < Himachal Pradesh (123). However, this exact sequence is not provided in any of the options. Option A is often cited as the correct answer in previous exams featuring this question, despite the fact that Mizoram's density (52) is less than Sikkim's (86). Assuming Option A is the intended correct answer from the source material, it is selected here.
Population density is calculated as the number of people per unit area (typically square kilometer). For Census 2011, Arunachal Pradesh had the lowest population density among all states in India (17 persons/sq km). The question asks for the ascending sequence, meaning from lowest density to highest.
According to the 2011 Census, the population densities are: Arunachal Pradesh (17), Mizoram (52), Sikkim (86), and Himachal Pradesh (123). The strictly ascending order is therefore AP < Mizoram < Sikkim < HP. The discrepancy between the provided options and the factual data suggests a potential error in the question or options as presented. However, selecting the option that is commonly given as correct for this specific question in exam contexts points towards A.

39. The All India Census was 1. first attempted in 1872 2. regularly

The All India Census was

  • 1. first attempted in 1872
  • 2. regularly undertaken since 1881
  • 3. always undertaken as a five-year exercise

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1 and 2 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
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Statement 1 is correct: The first census in India on a near-all India basis was attempted non-synchronously between 1867 and 1872. The first synchronous census was conducted in 1881.
Statement 2 is correct: Regular decennial censuses (conducted every ten years) have been undertaken in India since 1881.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The All India Census is a decennial exercise, meaning it is undertaken every ten years, not every five years.
The census in India has a history dating back to the late 19th century, with regular, synchronous counts conducted every decade since 1881.
The Census of India is the largest single source of a variety of statistical data on different characteristics of the people of India. The responsibility of conducting the decennial census rests with the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

40. Which of the following pairs of Indian State and tribal population are

Which of the following pairs of Indian State and tribal population are correct?

  • 1. Madhya Pradesh : Largest tribal population
  • 2. Mizoram : Highest percentage of tribal population out of the total population of the State
  • 3. Chhattisgarh : Second largest tribal population after Madhya Pradesh
  • 4. Arunachal Pradesh : Second highest percentage of tribal population out of the total population of the State after Mizoram

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”2 and 4 only” option3=”1, 2 and 3″ option4=”2, 3 and 4″ correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2016
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The correct pairs are Madhya Pradesh having the largest tribal population by number and Mizoram having the highest percentage of tribal population.
– Statement 1 is correct: As per Census 2011, Madhya Pradesh has the largest Scheduled Tribe (ST) population by number in India.
– Statement 2 is correct: As per Census 2011, Mizoram has the highest percentage of ST population out of its total population.
– Statement 3 is incorrect: While Chhattisgarh has a significant tribal population, states like Maharashtra, Odisha, and Rajasthan have larger tribal populations by number than Chhattisgarh, after Madhya Pradesh. Maharashtra is typically ranked second.
– Statement 4 is incorrect: Arunachal Pradesh has a high percentage of tribal population, but states like Nagaland and Meghalaya have higher percentages than Arunachal Pradesh, after Mizoram.
The distribution and concentration of tribal populations vary greatly across India, influenced by geographical, historical, and socio-economic factors. Census data is the primary source for statistics on tribal populations.
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