Governor/Governor General/Viceroy

21. Who among the following started the Indian Agriculture Service?

Who among the following started the Indian Agriculture Service?

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Lord Curzon
William Bentinck
Lord Minto
Lord Rippon
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2019
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Lord Curzon, during his tenure as Viceroy of India (1899-1905), initiated several administrative reforms aimed at improving efficiency and specializing services. Recognizing the importance of agriculture, he established the Department of Agriculture and proposed the creation of the Indian Agriculture Service to professionalize agricultural administration and research.
The establishment of the Indian Agriculture Service was initiated during the Viceroyalty of Lord Curzon.
Curzon’s period saw significant developments in agriculture, including the establishment of the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa. He was also responsible for the Famine Commission (1901), partition of Bengal (1905), and various measures concerning education, archaeology, and police.

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22. The College of Fort William was established by which one of the follow

The College of Fort William was established by which one of the following Governor-Generals?

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Warren Hastings
Lord Cornwallis
Richard Wellesley
William Bentinck
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2018
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The College of Fort William was established by Lord Richard Wellesley, the then Governor-General of Bengal, on 18 August 1800, in Calcutta.
The primary purpose of the college was to train civil servants (civilians) of the East India Company in the languages, customs, and history of India to improve their administration. However, its role was curtailed soon after its establishment due to opposition from the Court of Directors in London.
Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal. Lord Cornwallis introduced significant reforms like the Permanent Settlement. William Bentinck is known for social reforms like the abolition of Sati. Richard Wellesley’s tenure (1798-1805) was marked by expansion of British power through the Subsidiary Alliance system and wars.

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23. Which one of the following Viceroys was the first to officially shift

Which one of the following Viceroys was the first to officially shift his Council to Simla in summer season?

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John Lawrence
Lord Dalhousie
Lord Mayo
William Bentinck
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2023
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Lord John Lawrence, who served as Viceroy of India from 1864 to 1869, was the first Viceroy to officially shift the entire Council of the Governor-General (Viceroy’s Council) to Simla for the summer season. This practice continued for many decades thereafter, making Simla the summer capital of British India.
– The practice of shifting the capital to a hill station during summer was adopted by the British Raj due to the extreme heat in the plains.
– While Simla was used by Governors-General for recreation earlier, Lord Lawrence formalized the shifting of the entire administrative machinery, including the Council.
Other Viceroys like Lord Dalhousie visited Simla, but the full shift of the Council and government was initiated by Lord Lawrence in 1864. William Bentinck is credited with popularizing Simla as a hill station. Lord Mayo was Viceroy after Lawrence.

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24. Which one of the following was not included in the terms and conditi

Which one of the following was not included in the terms and conditions of Subsidiary Alliance System of Lord Wellesley ?

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The British would protect their ally.
The ally was free to enter into agreements with other rulers or engage in warfare.
In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed.
The ally would have to provide resources for the maintenance of the British armed contingent.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2022
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One of the key conditions of the Subsidiary Alliance System was that the Indian ruler had to give up his foreign relations and could not enter into agreements with other rulers or engage in warfare without the permission of the British. Therefore, the statement that “The ally was free to enter into agreements with other rulers or engage in warfare” is incorrect.
– The Subsidiary Alliance System was introduced by Lord Wellesley, Governor-General of Bengal from 1798 to 1805.
– Key terms included accepting a British Resident, stationing of a British contingent within the state’s territory, payment of subsidy or cession of territory for the contingent’s maintenance, and surrendering control over foreign policy to the British.
– In return, the British promised to protect the ally from external aggression.
– The Subsidiary Alliance effectively made the Indian states dependent on the British and was a major instrument in the expansion of British control over India.
– The first state to accept the Subsidiary Alliance was the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1798.

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25. Who believed that the Russian designs were ‘an imminent peril to the s

Who believed that the Russian designs were ‘an imminent peril to the security and tranquility’ of the Indian Empire in 1836?

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Lord Auckland
Lord Palmerston
Lord Canning
Alexander Burnes
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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Lord Auckland, who served as the Governor-General of India from 1836 to 1842, held strong beliefs about the threat posed by Russian expansion towards India.
His tenure was significantly influenced by the fear of Russian designs in Central Asia and Afghanistan, often referred to as the “Great Game,” leading to policies aimed at securing India’s northwestern frontier.
Lord Auckland’s policy of countering perceived Russian influence by interfering in Afghanistan resulted in the disastrous First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-1842). Lord Palmerston was the British Foreign Secretary who also shared concerns about Russian expansion but the direct responsibility for the security of the Indian Empire lay with the Governor-General. Lord Canning was Governor-General during the Mutiny of 1857, much later than 1836. Alexander Burnes was a British explorer and diplomat involved in Afghanistan who reported on Russian activities but was not the policy maker.

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