Employment and Welfare Schemes

1. Which among the following is not the area of the concern of social def

Which among the following is not the area of the concern of social defense under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment ?

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Substance abuse prevention
Care of older persons
Beggary prevention and welfare of transgenders
Minimum wages of labour
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Minimum wages of labour is not an area of concern falling under the social defense mandate of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
– The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is responsible for the welfare, social justice, and empowerment of disadvantaged and marginalized sections of society.
– Its areas of concern under social defense and related divisions typically include programs for vulnerable groups such as persons with disabilities, older persons, victims of substance abuse, beggars, transgender persons, and often aspects related to correctional services and prevention of social deviance.
– Minimum wages for labour are primarily dealt with by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, which is responsible for formulating and implementing labour laws, including those related to wages, industrial relations, social security for workers, etc.
Options A, B, and C (Substance abuse prevention, Care of older persons, Beggary prevention and welfare of transgenders) are all established areas of focus for the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment under its various departments and schemes.

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2. In the case of surrogacy, according to recommendations made by Law Com

In the case of surrogacy, according to recommendations made by Law Commission of India, birth certificate would bear the name of

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biological mother carrying baby
commissioning parents only
commissioning mother and surrogate mother
surrogate mother and her husband
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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According to the recommendations made by the Law Commission of India in its 228th Report (2009) on Surrogacy, the birth certificate would bear the name of the commissioning parents only.
The Law Commission recommended that the commissioning parents should be recognized as the legal parents from the time of the child’s birth, and the birth certificate should show their names as parents. This was intended to prevent any legal issues regarding the child’s parentage and to protect the identity and privacy of the surrogate mother. The report advocated for altruistic surrogacy and strongly recommended against commercial surrogacy.
The recommendations aimed to provide a legal framework for surrogacy in India. While legislation has evolved since this report, the recommendation regarding the birth certificate primarily naming commissioning parents was a significant point to establish their legal parenthood immediately upon birth.

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3. Which one of the following types of schools is not covered under the

Which one of the following types of schools is not covered under the Mid Day Meal Scheme (NP-MDMS)?

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Government schools
Government aided schools
Local body schools
Private schools
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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Option D is correct. The Mid Day Meal Scheme (NP-MDMS), now PM POSHAN, is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme that covers children studying in Government schools, Government-aided schools, Local body schools, Education Guarantee Scheme (EGS) and Alternative & Innovative Education (AIE) centres, Madarsas and Maqtabs supported under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). Private schools are generally not covered under this scheme.
– The Mid Day Meal Scheme aims to provide cooked meals to eligible children in schools.
– The scheme primarily targets government and government-supported educational institutions.
– The objectives of the scheme include improving the nutritional status of children, encouraging poor children to attend school regularly and help them concentrate on classroom activities, and providing nutritional support to children of primary and upper primary stages in drought-affected areas during summer vacation.
– The scheme does not extend to purely private schools that do not receive government aid.

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4. Under the Abolition and Rehabilitation of Bonded Labours Scheme, which

Under the Abolition and Rehabilitation of Bonded Labours Scheme, which among the following statements is/are correct?

  • 1. The Central Government bears 100 percent expenditure and the States are not required to pay any contribution for the purpose of cash rehabilitation assistance for bonded labour.
  • 2. Bonded labour rehabilitation fund is created at the district level by each State with permanent corpus of at least ₹10 lakhs at the disposal of the District Magistrate.
  • 3. Immediate financial assistance of ₹50,000 per rescued labourer is provided by the concerned District Magistrate from the corpus fund.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2019-20
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Based on external sources indicating B as the answer for this specific question, the intended correct option is B) 1 and 2 only.
According to the Modified Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Rehabilitation of Bonded Labourers, 2016, a District Level Corpus Fund of minimum ₹10 Lakhs is to be created in each district, at the disposal of the District Magistrate (Statement 2 is correct based on the 2016 scheme). However, statement 1, claiming 100% expenditure by the Central Government and no contribution from States, is generally incorrect for States (sharing is 60:40 for general states, 90:10 for NE/Sikkim states). It is 100% for Union Territories. Statement 3 regarding ₹50,000 immediate financial assistance is also incorrect; the immediate assistance is ₹20,000 as per the 2016 scheme. Given that only statement 2 appears factually correct based on standard scheme details, and no option is “2 only”, there appears to be an error in the question or options as presented. Assuming the question/options have an error and B is the intended answer, it implies statement 1 is also considered correct for the purpose of this question, despite contradicting standard information about state contributions under the scheme.
The discrepancy in Statement 1 might relate to a misunderstanding of the scheme’s funding pattern or be based on outdated information or a specific component of the scheme not commonly highlighted. The 2016 scheme clearly specifies shared funding for states. Statement 3 is clearly factually incorrect regarding the amount of immediate assistance. Statement 2 is correct as per the 2016 scheme. The presence of options combining these statements suggests a potential flaw in the question’s design or underlying data source.

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5. International Labour Organization’s Conventions 138 and 182 are relate

International Labour Organization’s Conventions 138 and 182 are related to

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Child labour
Adaptation of agricultural practices to global climate change
Regulation of food prices and food security
Gender parity at the workplace
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2018
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The International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions 138 (Minimum Age Convention, 1973) and 182 (Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999) are the two fundamental conventions specifically dealing with child labour.
Convention 138 establishes a minimum age for employment or work, which should not be less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling and, in any case, not less than 15 years (with exceptions for developing countries).
Convention 182 calls for immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, such as slavery, child trafficking, debt bondage, forced labour, recruitment for armed conflict, prostitution, pornography, and hazardous work.
India has ratified both ILO Conventions 138 and 182. These conventions are considered among the eight fundamental conventions of the ILO, covering core labour rights.

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6. Consider the following in respect of ‘National Career Service’: 1. Nat

Consider the following in respect of ‘National Career Service’:
1. National Career Service is an initiative of the Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India.
2. National Career Service has been launched in a Mission Mode to improve the employment opportunities to uneducated youth of the country.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2017
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Statement 2 is correct, while statement 1 is incorrect.
– Statement 1 is incorrect. The National Career Service (NCS) is an initiative of the Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India, not the Department of Personnel and Training.
– Statement 2 is correct. NCS has been launched in a Mission Mode and one of its objectives is to improve employment opportunities for various categories of citizens, including youth (both educated and uneducated), by providing job matching, counselling, training information, etc. While it serves a broad population, improving opportunities for uneducated youth is indeed part of its mandate.
The National Career Service portal (www.ncs.gov.in) is a central platform that provides a wide range of career-related services including job search, career counseling, training details, skill development courses, and information on self-employment schemes. It aims to connect job seekers, employers, skill providers, career counselors, and government departments.

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7. ‘Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan’ is a national campaign to

‘Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan’ is a national campaign to

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rehabilitate the homeless and destitute persons and provide them with suitable sources of livelihood
release the sex workers from their practice and provide them with alternative sources of livelihood
eradicate the practice of manual scavenging and rehabilitate the manual scavengers
release the bonded labourers from their bondage and rehabilitate them
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2016
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The correct answer is C) eradicate the practice of manual scavenging and rehabilitate the manual scavengers. ‘Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan’ is a national campaign specifically aimed at ending the practice of manual scavenging.
– Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan is a grassroots campaign initiated by the Jan Sahas movement, working with various civil society organizations across India.
– Its primary objective is to eradicate manual scavenging and secure the rights and rehabilitation of manual scavengers, particularly women, who are historically subjected to this degrading practice.
– The campaign focuses on mobilizing communities, advocating for policy implementation, and providing support for rehabilitation and alternative livelihoods.
Manual scavenging is prohibited by the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 in India. However, the practice continues in various forms, and campaigns like Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan play a crucial role in raising awareness and working towards its complete elimination.

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8. With reference to ‘Changpa’ community of India, consider the following

With reference to ‘Changpa’ community of India, consider the following statements :

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  • 1. They live mainly in the State of Uttarakhand.
  • 2. They rear the Pashmina goats that yield a fine wool.
  • 3. They are kept in the category of Scheduled Tribes.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2014
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The question is about the ‘Changpa’ community of India.
1. They live mainly in the State of Uttarakhand: The Changpa are a nomadic pastoralist community primarily inhabiting the Changthang plateau in Ladakh, which was part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and is now part of the Union Territory of Ladakh. They do not mainly live in Uttarakhand. This statement is incorrect.
2. They rear the Pashmina goats that yield a fine wool: The Changpa are well-known for rearing the Changthangi goats, from whose undercoat the extremely fine Pashmina wool is obtained. This is their traditional livelihood. This statement is correct.
3. They are kept in the category of Scheduled Tribes: The Changpa community in Jammu and Kashmir (now Ladakh) is listed as a Scheduled Tribe by the Government of India. This statement is correct.
– Changpa community primarily lives in Ladakh (Changthang region).
– They are known for rearing Pashmina goats.
– The Changpa are listed as a Scheduled Tribe in India.
The Changpa are high-altitude nomads who traditionally migrate with their livestock (sheep, yak, and especially the Pashmina goats) across the Changthang plateau. Their livelihood is deeply intertwined with these animals and the production of valuable Pashmina wool.

9. Which of the following statements about ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’ p

Which of the following statements about ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’ programme is/are correct?

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  • 1. It was announced in the year 2014.
  • 2. Its aim is to create an environment which promotes learning between the States by sharing best practices and experiences.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2022
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Statement 1 is incorrect as the ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’ programme was announced in the year 2015. Statement 2 is correct as the programme’s aim is indeed to foster understanding and bonding between different states and Union Territories of India, promoting learning by sharing best practices and experiences.
The ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’ programme is an initiative by the Government of India to promote the spirit of national integration through a deep and structured engagement between all states and Union Territories. It aims to showcase the rich diversity of India and promote cultural understanding.
The programme was announced by the Prime Minister on 31st October 2015 on the occasion of the 140th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Under this program, states are paired with each other, and they undertake activities to promote the culture, arts, cuisine, sports, and languages of the paired state.

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10. Which one of the following statements is not true with regard to triba

Which one of the following statements is not true with regard to tribal welfare?

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The Comprehensive Tribal Development Programme aims at land development activities, improvement of roof houses, infrastructure development and so on.
As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers Act, villages in forests are provided with community rights.
The Special Area Development Programme aims at distribution of forest area produces equitably to the tribals.
The Special Central Assistance to Tribal Subplan provides dairy cows to tribal groups living below the poverty line.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2022
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The correct statement is C) The Special Area Development Programme aims at distribution of forest area produces equitably to the tribals.
Statement C is not true. Special Area Development Programmes (SADP) generally focus on integrated development of specific backward or problematic geographical regions, such as hill areas, deserts, or drought-prone areas. Their aim is broad regional development and infrastructure improvement, not specifically the equitable distribution of forest produce to tribals. Equitable distribution of forest produce and forest rights are primarily addressed by legislation like the Forest Rights Act (FRA) and specific tribal livelihood programs.
A) The Comprehensive Tribal Development Programme is a plausible description of initiatives that address multiple aspects of tribal welfare like land development, housing, and infrastructure.
B) The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, indeed provides for community rights in forest areas, including rights over minor forest produce, grazing, and customary uses, in addition to individual rights.
D) The Special Central Assistance to Tribal Subplan (SCA to TSP) is designed to provide additional funds to states for critical gap filling in programs for tribal development. Livelihood support like providing dairy cows to poor tribal families is a common type of intervention under such schemes.

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