Economic Development

71. The Central Government is planning to make major interventions in whic

The Central Government is planning to make major interventions in which one of the following regions of India to make it an oil palm hub?

[amp_mcq option1=”Coromandel Coast” option2=”North-Eastern States” option3=”Rayalaseema” option4=”Saurashtra” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
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The correct answer is North-Eastern States.
India is one of the world’s largest importers of edible oils, including palm oil. To reduce dependence on imports and boost domestic production, the Indian government launched the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (NMEO-OP). This mission specifically focuses on increasing the area under oil palm cultivation and productivity in certain regions of India with suitable climatic conditions. The North-Eastern States and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands have been identified as having significant potential for oil palm cultivation due to their high rainfall and favourable temperatures. The mission aims to achieve a substantial increase in oil palm production primarily by expanding cultivation in these regions.
While oil palm is also cultivated in other parts of India like Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, the NMEO-OP targets a major expansion in the Northeast and Andaman & Nicobar Islands to significantly boost domestic production. The other regions listed (Coromandel Coast, Rayalaseema, Saurashtra) are either not the primary focus for this major intervention (Coromandel Coast), or are less suitable for extensive oil palm cultivation without significant irrigation (Rayalaseema, Saurashtra).

72. The era of planned development is said to have begun with which of the

The era of planned development is said to have begun with which of the following ?

[amp_mcq option1=”The People’s Plan prepared by M.N. Roy in 1945″ option2=”The Bombay Plan prepared by J.R.D. Tata and Others in 1944″ option3=”The Gandhian Plan prepared by S.N. Agarwal in 1944″ option4=”Five-Year Plan presented by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1951″ correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
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The era of planned development in India officially began with the launch of the First Five-Year Plan in 1951 under the leadership of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to formulate these plans.
– The Five-Year Plans became the framework for India’s economic development strategy for over six decades.
– The concept of centralized planning was adopted to guide the allocation of resources and achieve specific socio-economic goals.
While proposals like the Bombay Plan, People’s Plan, and Gandhian Plan existed before 1951, they were not adopted as the official basis for national planning by the government.

73. In November 2019, authorised capital of which one of the following pub

In November 2019, authorised capital of which one of the following public sector units was increased from ₹ 3,500 crore to ₹ 10,000 crore ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Oil and Natural Gas Corporation” option2=”Numaligarh Refinery Limited” option3=”National Thermal Power Corporation Limited” option4=”Food Corporation of India” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2020
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In November 2019, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the increase in the authorized capital of Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) from ₹3,500 crore to ₹10,000 crore. This increase was aimed at supporting the Numaligarh Refinery Expansion Project (NREP), which sought to triple the refinery’s capacity from 3 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) to 9 MMTPA.
Authorised capital is the maximum amount of share capital that a company can issue to shareholders. Increasing it allows the company to raise more funds through equity for its projects and expansion plans. NRL is a public sector undertaking involved in oil refining, located in Assam.
The Numaligarh Refinery Expansion Project is a significant infrastructure project aimed at boosting the refining capacity in Northeast India, enhancing energy security, and promoting regional development. The increase in authorized capital was a crucial step to facilitate the funding for this large-scale expansion. NRL is a subsidiary of Oil India Limited (OIL).

74. Which of the following are products of Agro Based Industry? 1. Silk ya

Which of the following are products of Agro Based Industry?
1. Silk yarn
2. Cotton yarn
3. Polyfibre yarn
4. Polyester yarn
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3 only” option2=”1 and 4 only” option3=”3 and 4 only” option4=”1 and 2 only” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2018
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Silk yarn and Cotton yarn are products of Agro Based Industry.
– Agro-based industries use agricultural produce as raw materials.
– Silk is obtained from silkworms, which are cultivated and fed on agricultural products like mulberry leaves. Sericulture is an agricultural activity. Thus, silk yarn is an agro-based product.
– Cotton is a fiber crop cultivated in agriculture. Cotton yarn is produced by processing raw cotton. Thus, cotton yarn is also an agro-based product.
– Polyfibre yarn and Polyester yarn are synthetic fibers produced from petrochemicals, not agricultural raw materials. They are products of the chemical industry.
Examples of agro-based industries include food processing (sugar, flour, fruits, vegetables), textile industries using natural fibers (cotton, jute, silk, wool), rubber, paper (from wood pulp, which can be considered related to forestry/agriculture), etc.

75. Which one of the following periods in the history of Indian planning h

Which one of the following periods in the history of Indian planning has not been a period of Annual Plans ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1966 – 69″ option2=”1979 – 80″ option3=”1990 – 92″ option4=”1992 – 97″ correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2017
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The period 1992 – 97 has not been a period of Annual Plans.
Indian Five-Year Plans were sometimes interrupted or delayed, leading to periods of Annual Plans.
– 1966-69: After the Third Five-Year Plan (1961-66), the Fourth Plan was delayed due to economic recession, war, and inflation, leading to three Annual Plans from 1966 to 1969.
– 1979-80: The Janata Government terminated the Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-79) a year early and attempted a Sixth Plan (1978-83). Political instability led to the collapse of the government, and the new Congress government launched a new Sixth Plan from 1980-85, with 1979-80 effectively becoming an Annual Plan period.
– 1990-92: Due to rapid political changes at the center and the onset of a major economic crisis, the Eighth Five-Year Plan could not start on time in 1990. Two Annual Plans were implemented for 1990-91 and 1991-92.
– 1992-97: This period corresponds to the Eighth Five-Year Plan, which was successfully implemented after the economic reforms were initiated.
Annual Plans are usually implemented when a Five-Year Plan is suspended, delayed, or terminated prematurely due to political or economic reasons. The period 1992-97 marks the tenure of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, which completed its full term.

76. Which of the following statements about revenue and primary deficit is

Which of the following statements about revenue and primary deficit is/are correct?

  • 1. Revenue deficit refers to the excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts.
  • 2. Primary deficit is measured as fiscal deficit less interest payments.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023
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The correct answer is C, meaning both statements are correct.
– Statement 1 is correct. Revenue deficit is defined as the excess of the government’s total revenue expenditure over its total revenue receipts. It indicates the government’s dissaving on its current account.
– Statement 2 is correct. Primary deficit is defined as the fiscal deficit minus interest payments on past borrowings. It indicates the government’s borrowing requirement excluding the interest burden from previous debts, showing the deficit for current year’s expenditure (excluding interest).
Fiscal deficit is the difference between the government’s total expenditure and its total receipts (excluding borrowing). A primary deficit of zero indicates that the government is borrowing only to pay interest on previous debts. A positive primary deficit means the government is borrowing even to meet current expenditure requirements beyond interest payments.

77. According to the Budget Estimates of 2023-24, which one among the foll

According to the Budget Estimates of 2023-24, which one among the following sectors received the highest allocation of funds?

[amp_mcq option1=”Railways” option2=”Rural Development” option3=”Education” option4=”Defence” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023
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The correct answer is D.
– According to the Union Budget Estimates for 2023-24, the Ministry of Defence received the highest allocation among all ministries, with a total allocation of ₹5.94 lakh crore.
– Comparing the allocations for the given options:
– Railways (Ministry of Railways): ₹2.41 lakh crore
– Rural Development (Ministry of Rural Development): ₹1.60 lakh crore
– Education (Ministry of Education): ₹1.13 lakh crore
– Defence (Ministry of Defence): ₹5.94 lakh crore
– Defence clearly received the highest allocation among these options.
The defence budget includes allocations for defence pensions, which is a significant component. Even excluding pensions, the allocation for defence services capital and revenue expenditure is substantial. Other ministries like Road Transport and Highways also received significant allocations, but among the options provided, Defence was the highest.

78. Insurance penetration is measured as

Insurance penetration is measured as

[amp_mcq option1=”the ratio of insurance premium to population” option2=”the percentage of insurance premium to GDP” option3=”the percentage of insurance premium to per capita income” option4=”the ratio of insurance premium to market capitalization” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023
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The correct answer is B.
– Insurance penetration is a measure of the level of development of the insurance sector in a country.
– It is calculated as the ratio of total insurance premium underwritten in a given year to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country in the same year, expressed as a percentage. This indicates how much of the country’s economic output is spent on insurance premiums.
Another related measure is “insurance density,” which is calculated as the ratio of total insurance premium underwritten in a given year to the total population, indicating the average spending on insurance per person.

79. Which of the following statements about the National Stock Exchange (N

Which of the following statements about the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India is/are correct?

  • 1. It was set up in 1990.
  • 2. It was recognized as a stock exchange by SEBI in 1993 and it commenced its operations in 1994.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023
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The correct answer is B, meaning only statement 2 is correct.
– Statement 1 is incorrect. The National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India was incorporated in 1992 based on recommendations from the Pherwani Committee report of 1991. While discussions and initial steps might have occurred around 1990, its formal establishment year is 1992.
– Statement 2 is correct. NSE received recognition as a stock exchange from SEBI in April 1993. It commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994 and in the Equity segment in November 1994.
NSE was established to bring transparency and efficiency to the Indian capital markets through technology and nationwide access. It was a key reform during the early 1990s liberalization period in India.

80. Consider the following statements in respect of the digital rupee :

Consider the following statements in respect of the digital rupee :

  • 1. It is a sovereign currency issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in alignment with its monetary policy.
  • 2. It appears as a liability on the RBI’s balance sheet.
  • 3. It is insured against inflation by its very design.
  • 4. It is freely convertible against commercial bank money and cash.

Which of the statements given above are correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”1 and 3 only” option3=”2 and 4 only” option4=”1, 2 and 4″ correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2024
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The correct answer is D, including statements 1, 2, and 4.
Statement 1 is correct. The digital rupee (CBDC) is envisioned as a digital form of India’s sovereign currency (the Rupee), issued directly by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in accordance with its monetary policy objectives.
Statement 2 is correct. Similar to physical currency, CBDC represents a direct liability of the central bank (RBI) to the holder. It is essentially a claim on the central bank.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The design of the digital rupee does not inherently provide insurance against inflation. Like physical currency, its purchasing power would be subject to macroeconomic factors and inflationary pressures managed by the RBI through monetary policy. Its value is pegged 1:1 with the physical rupee.
Statement 4 is correct. As a digital equivalent of physical currency, the digital rupee is intended to be freely convertible with other forms of money, such as commercial bank deposits (commercial bank money) and physical cash.
The RBI has launched pilot projects for both wholesale and retail versions of the digital rupee (e₹). CBDCs aim to provide benefits like efficiency, innovation, and financial inclusion, while also raising questions about privacy, security, and potential impact on the banking system.
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