Economic and Social Development

271. The formulation of policy in respect to Intellectual Property Rights (

The formulation of policy in respect to Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) is the responsibility of

[amp_mcq option1=”the Ministry of Law and Justice” option2=”the Department of Science and Technology” option3=”the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade” option4=”the Ministry of Human Resource Development” correct=”option3″]

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In India, the formulation of policy related to Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) is primarily the responsibility of the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), which is part of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
DPIIT oversees the offices of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (CGPDTM), which administers the various IPR laws in India.
While other ministries might be involved in specific sector-related IPR issues (e.g., agriculture, health), the overarching policy framework and coordination for IPRs in India fall under the domain of DPIIT.

272. Who among the following is the Chairman of the Economic Advisory Counc

Who among the following is the Chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM)?

[amp_mcq option1=”Ratan P. Watal” option2=”Bibek Debroy” option3=”Ashima Goyal” option4=”Sajjid Chinoy” correct=”option2″]

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B
As of the time frame when this question was relevant (likely recent years), Bibek Debroy was the Chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM).
The EAC-PM is an independent body constituted to give advice on economic and related issues to the Government of India, specifically to the Prime Minister. Its members are economists with expertise in various fields.

273. Which of the following statements with regard to Coal India Limited (C

Which of the following statements with regard to Coal India Limited (CIL) is/are true?

  • 1. CIL has its headquarters at Kolkata.
  • 2. CIL operates through 82 mining areas spread over twenty provincial States of India.
  • 3. CIL is the single largest coal-producing company in the world.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1 and 3 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option2″]

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Statement 1 is true: Coal India Limited (CIL) has its headquarters in Kolkata, West Bengal. Statement 3 is also true: CIL is widely recognized as the single largest coal-producing company in the world based on production volume. Statement 2 is false: CIL operates through its subsidiaries in 8 coal-bearing states of India, not twenty provincial states.
CIL is a public sector undertaking under the Ministry of Coal, Government of India. It plays a dominant role in the Indian coal sector, accounting for a major share of the country’s total coal production.
The 8 states where CIL’s major operations are spread are West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam. The number of mining areas operated by CIL subsidiaries is significant, but the claim about ‘twenty provincial States’ is factually incorrect.

274. Which of the following are considered to be the four pillars of human

Which of the following are considered to be the four pillars of human development?

[amp_mcq option1=”Equity, inclusion, productivity and empowerment” option2=”Equity, productivity and sustainability” option3=”Productivity, gender, inclusion and equity” option4=”Labour, productivity, inclusion and equity” correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is A) Equity, inclusion, productivity and empowerment.
While the four universally recognized pillars of human development as defined by UNDP are typically Equity, Sustainability, Productivity, and Empowerment, options provided in examinations can sometimes use slightly different terminology or emphasis. Option A lists Equity, Productivity, and Empowerment, which are three of the core pillars. It replaces Sustainability with Inclusion. In many contemporary discussions of human development and social policy, inclusion is considered a critical aspect, closely linked to achieving equity and enabling empowerment for all segments of society. Given the options, option A presents a set of four concepts that are all considered fundamental to human development, even if ‘Inclusion’ is sometimes discussed as a dimension rather than a stand-alone pillar in foundational texts compared to Sustainability. The other options either miss more fundamental pillars (like Empowerment in B) or include terms not typically classified as core “pillars” (like ‘gender’ or ‘labour’ in C and D).
Equity refers to fairness in opportunity, ensuring everyone has access to resources and opportunities. Productivity relates to people being able to contribute to development and utilize their capabilities. Empowerment is about people having the freedom to make choices and shape their lives. Sustainability is about ensuring development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Inclusion is about ensuring all individuals and groups participate in and benefit from development processes.

275. Which one of the following is not a feature of the Ayushman Bharat

Which one of the following is not a feature of the Ayushman Bharat Scheme?

[amp_mcq option1=”There is no cap on family size and age.” option2=”The scheme includes pre- and post-hospitalization expenses.” option3=”A defined transport allowance per hospitalization will also be paid to the beneficiary.” option4=”The scheme provides a benefit cover of ₹ 10 lakh per family.” correct=”option4″]

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The correct answer is D) The scheme provides a benefit cover of ₹ 10 lakh per family.
The Ayushman Bharat Scheme, particularly its component Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), provides health insurance cover.
A) There is no cap on family size and age: Correct. Eligibility is based on deprivation criteria for rural areas and occupational categories for urban areas, and once eligible, there are no restrictions on family size or age.
B) The scheme includes pre- and post-hospitalization expenses: Correct. The scheme covers medical expenses for a specified number of days prior to hospitalization and a specified number of days after discharge.
C) A defined transport allowance per hospitalization will also be paid to the beneficiary: Correct. The scheme includes provisions for transport allowance to beneficiaries.
D) The scheme provides a benefit cover of ₹ 10 lakh per family: Incorrect. The scheme provides a benefit cover of ₹ 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization.
Ayushman Bharat is the world’s largest health assurance scheme. It aims to provide health coverage to over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries). It also has a component focused on establishing Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) for primary healthcare.

276. In economics, if a diagram has a line passing through the origin and h

In economics, if a diagram has a line passing through the origin and has 45° angle with either axis and it is asserted that along the line X = Y, what is tacitly assumed?

[amp_mcq option1=”Both variables are pure numbers.” option2=”Both variables are in the same unit.” option3=”Both variables are in different units.” option4=”At least one variable is a pure number.” correct=”option2″]

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In a standard two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, a line passing through the origin (0,0) has the equation Y = mX, where m is the slope. If the angle with the X-axis (or Y-axis) is 45°, the slope m = tan(45°) = 1. Thus, the equation of the line is Y = X. For the numerical values of X and Y to be equal and represented by a 45° line through the origin, the scales used on the X-axis and the Y-axis must be the same. This implies that the units of measurement for X and Y, or at least their graphical representation on the axes, are comparable such that equal distances along each axis represent equal changes in the variable’s value. In economic diagrams, this often means the variables are in the same unit (e.g., both in Rupees, both in quantity units) or scaled identically.
– A 45° line through the origin in a 2D graph represents the relationship Y=X.
– For Y=X to be accurately represented by a 45° line, the scales on the X and Y axes must be identical.
– This identical scaling is usually interpreted as the variables being in the same unit or having their values measured on the same scale.
If the scales on the axes were different, a line representing Y=X would not necessarily be 45°. For example, if the Y-axis was scaled twice as densely as the X-axis, the line Y=X would appear flatter than 45°. Conversely, if the X-axis was scaled twice as densely, the line would appear steeper.

277. Saubhagya, a Government of India Scheme, relates to which of the follo

Saubhagya, a Government of India Scheme, relates to which of the following areas?

[amp_mcq option1=”Achieving universal household electrification” option2=”Providing clean cooking fuel to poor households” option3=”Rationalizing subsidies on LPG” option4=”Stopping female foeticide” correct=”option1″]

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‘Saubhagya’ is the acronym for Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana. The scheme was launched with the objective of achieving universal household electrification in rural and urban areas across the country.
– Saubhagya aimed to provide electricity connections to all remaining unelectrified households.
– The scheme focused on providing last-mile connectivity.
– It is implemented by the Ministry of Power.
Other schemes mentioned relate to different areas: Providing clean cooking fuel to poor households is the objective of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). Rationalizing subsidies on LPG involves direct benefit transfer (DBT) schemes like PAHAL. Stopping female foeticide is an objective of schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao.

278. Which one of the following is the earliest launched scheme of the Gove

Which one of the following is the earliest launched scheme of the Government of India?

[amp_mcq option1=”Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana” option2=”Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana” option3=”Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana” option4=”Deendayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana” correct=”option2″]

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Comparing the launch years of the schemes listed:
– Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana: The National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) component started in 2011, and the National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) in 2013. The scheme was renamed DAY in 2015.
– Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): Launched in 2000.
– Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY): Launched in 2014.
– Deendayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY): Launched in 2014.
PMGSY, launched in 2000, is the earliest among the given options.
– PMGSY aims to provide connectivity to unconnected habitations in rural areas.
– DAY (NRLM/NULM) focuses on poverty reduction through livelihood promotion for rural and urban poor.
– SAGY aims for holistic development of selected villages through convergence of government schemes.
– DDU-GKY is a skilling initiative for rural youth.
PMGSY falls under the purview of the Ministry of Rural Development. It is a flagship program for rural infrastructure development.

279. Which one of the following is not an objective of the MGNREGA?

Which one of the following is not an objective of the MGNREGA?

[amp_mcq option1=”Providing up to 100 days of skilled labour in a financial year” option2=”Creation of productive assets” option3=”Enhancing livelihood security” option4=”Ensuring empowerment to women” correct=”option1″]

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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a social security measure that guarantees the ‘right to work’. Its primary objective is to guarantee 100 days of *unskilled manual work* in a financial year to any rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. Option A incorrectly states “skilled labour”.
– MGNREGA provides guarantee of 100 days of *unskilled* manual work.
– It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas.
– It also focuses on creating durable assets (like water conservation structures, rural connectivity, flood control works).
– The Act ensures empowerment of women by reserving at least one-third of the beneficiaries who are wage earners to be women.
MGNREGA was enacted in 2005. It is implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development. The legal entitlement is for 100 days of employment, but states can provide more days from their own resources.

280. Which of the following are the benefits of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arog

Which of the following are the benefits of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)?

  • 1. Free treatment available at all public and empanelled private hospitals in times of need
  • 2. Cashless and paperless access to quality health-care services
  • 3. Government provides health insurance cover of up to ₹ 5,00,000 per family per year
  • 4. Pre-existing diseases are not covered

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 3 only” option2=”1, 2 and 3″ option3=”2 and 4 only” option4=”2, 3 and 4″ correct=”option2″]

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Statements 1, 2, and 3 correctly describe the benefits of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY). Statement 4 is incorrect.
PMJAY provides a health cover of up to ₹ 5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization. It aims to provide cashless and paperless access to healthcare at public and empaneled private hospitals. Importantly, it covers pre-existing diseases from day one, unlike many conventional insurance schemes.
PMJAY is the world’s largest health insurance scheme sponsored by the government. It is a component of the Ayushman Bharat programme and covers over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries).
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