Economic and Social Development

11. India’s first-ever geothermal power project will be implemented by Sta

India’s first-ever geothermal power project will be implemented by State-owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) Limited in

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Ladakh
Himachal Pradesh
Assam
Mizoram
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UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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Option A is correct. India’s first-ever geothermal field development project by ONGC is being implemented in Puga village, eastern Ladakh. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for this project was signed in February 2021 between ONGC Energy Centre, the Government of the Union Territory of Ladakh, and the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh.
– The project aims to harness geothermal energy.
– Puga valley in Ladakh is known for its high geothermal potential.
– Geothermal energy is heat energy from within the Earth. It is a renewable energy source.
– The Puga project is part of India’s efforts to explore and develop non-conventional energy sources and aims to provide clean, round-the-clock energy.

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12. Which one of the following sector’s contribution is the maximum in Ind

Which one of the following sector’s contribution is the maximum in India’s GDP ?

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Agriculture sector
Manufacturing sector
Services sector
Mining sector
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UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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Option C is correct. In India, the Services sector contributes the largest share to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This has been the case for many years, signifying a structural shift in the Indian economy. While the contribution percentages may fluctuate slightly year to year, the services sector consistently dominates.
– The Indian economy is broadly divided into three sectors: Agriculture & Allied, Industry, and Services.
– Services sector includes diverse activities like trade, hotels, transport, communication, finance, insurance, real estate, community, social, and personal services.
– Historically, agriculture was the dominant sector, but its share has declined significantly.
– The Industry sector includes manufacturing, mining, quarrying, electricity, gas, water supply, and construction. Its share is typically less than the services sector.
– The large share of the services sector is a characteristic of many developing and developed economies, but in India, it contributes significantly to GDP despite employing a smaller percentage of the workforce compared to agriculture.

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13. World Economic Forum, an International Organization for Public Private

World Economic Forum, an International Organization for Public Private Cooperation, is headquartered at

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Cologny, Geneva, Switzerland
Davos-Klosters, Graubünden, Switzerland
Dalian, China
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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The correct answer is A. The World Economic Forum is headquartered in Cologny, near Geneva.
The World Economic Forum (WEF), an international non-governmental and lobbying organisation, is headquartered in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. While it is famously known for its annual meeting held in Davos-Klosters, Graubünden, that location is the venue for the meeting, not the permanent headquarters.
The WEF was founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab. Its mission is stated as “committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas.”

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14. Which one of the following animals is in the title of Benyamin’s 2008

Which one of the following animals is in the title of Benyamin’s 2008 book about migrant labourers to the Middle East?

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Dog
Goat
Pig
Cat
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UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
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The correct answer is B, Goat.
Benyamin’s critically acclaimed 2008 Malayalam novel, “Aadujeevitham,” is titled “Goat Days” in English translation. The story is based on the life of a migrant worker from Kerala who is forced into virtual slavery as a goat herder in Saudi Arabia. The “goat” refers directly to the central animal in his plight.
“Aadujeevitham” or “Goat Days” has been translated into several languages and brought international attention to the harsh realities faced by some migrant labourers in the Gulf countries. The book won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 2011.

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15. Which one of the following schemes has been launched for the creation

Which one of the following schemes has been launched for the creation of infrastructure, support industries, social development projects and livelihood activities for youth and women?

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Swadesh Darshan
PARIVESH
ECLGS
PM DevINE
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UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
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The correct answer is PM DevINE.
PM DevINE (Prime Minister’s Development Initiative for North Eastern Region) is a scheme announced in the Union Budget 2022-23. It aims to fund infrastructure, support industries, social development projects, and create livelihood activities for youth and women in the North Eastern states.
Swadesh Darshan is a tourism scheme. PARIVESH is an environmental clearance single-window system. ECLGS is a credit guarantee scheme primarily for MSMEs affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. PM DevINE specifically targets holistic development in the North Eastern Region.

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16. The “Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan” focuses on improving the qua

The “Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan” focuses on improving the quality of

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Higher education
Secondary education
Primary education
Technical education
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UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
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The “Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan” (RMSA) was a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2009 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education) in India. Its primary objective was to enhance access to secondary education and improve its quality. The term “Madhyamik” in Hindi directly translates to “Secondary”.
The scheme specifically targeted the secondary level of education (classes IX and X).
RMSA aimed at universalizing secondary education and focused on improving enrollment, retention, and learning outcomes in secondary schools. It was later subsumed under the integrated scheme Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan in 2018.

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17. The “Swadesh Darshan” scheme focuses on the development of

The “Swadesh Darshan” scheme focuses on the development of

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Smart cities
Heritage cities
Religious tourism circuits
Industrial corridors
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UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
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The “Swadesh Darshan” scheme focuses on the integrated development of theme-based tourist circuits. While it covers various themes, religious tourism circuits are a significant component.
Launched by the Ministry of Tourism, the Swadesh Darshan scheme aims to develop high-quality tourist infrastructure in the country. The scheme identifies various thematic circuits for development, such as the Buddhist Circuit, Coastal Circuit, Desert Circuit, Eco Circuit, Heritage Circuit, Himalayan Circuit, Krishna Circuit, North East Circuit, Pilgrim Circuit, Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Sufi Circuit, Tribal Circuit, and Wildlife Circuit. The development of religious tourism circuits is explicitly a part of this scheme (e.g., Pilgrim Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Sufi Circuit, Buddhist Circuit).
Options A, B, and D are related to different government schemes: Smart Cities Mission (urban development), HRIDAY scheme (Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana) focused on specific heritage cities, and Industrial Corridors (infrastructure development for manufacturing). Swadesh Darshan is specifically focused on developing tourism infrastructure along predefined thematic circuits, and religious circuits are a major part of this focus.

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18. The “National Food Security Act” aims to provide subsidized food grain

The “National Food Security Act” aims to provide subsidized food grains to what percentage of the rural population ?

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50%
60%
75%
90%
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The National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013, aims to provide subsidized food grains to up to 75% of the rural population.
The NFSA, 2013, legally entitles up to 75% of the rural population and up to 50% of the urban population to receive subsidized food grains under the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS). The eligible persons are entitled to receive 5 kg of food grains per person per month at subsidized prices: Rs. 3 per kg for rice, Rs. 2 per kg for wheat, and Re. 1 per kg for coarse grains.
The Act shifts the approach to food security from welfare to rights-based. It also includes provisions for nutritional support to pregnant women and lactating mothers and children, as well as food security allowance in case of non-supply of entitled foodgrains.

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19. The “Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana” focuses on

The “Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana” focuses on

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Providing broadband connectivity in rural areas
Rural electrification
Skill development in villages
Connecting rural areas with all-weather roads
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UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
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The “Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana” (PMGSY) focuses on connecting eligible unconnected rural habitations with all-weather roads.
Launched in December 2000, PMGSY is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at providing good all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages in rural areas of India. Its primary objective is to build new roads and upgrade existing ones to ensure seamless connectivity.
While related to rural infrastructure, PMGSY specifically targets road connectivity. Schemes like BharatNet (broadband), Saubhagya (electrification), and various skill development programs address the other areas mentioned in the options, but PMGSY’s core focus is rural roads.

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20. The “Smart Cities Mission” was launched to promote the development of

The “Smart Cities Mission” was launched to promote the development of 100 smart cities with

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Advanced healthcare facilities
Sustainable and citizen-friendly infrastructure
World-class educational institutions
State-of-the-art transportation systems
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UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
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The “Smart Cities Mission” was launched to promote the development of smart cities with sustainable and citizen-friendly infrastructure.
The mission aims to improve the quality of life in urban areas by enabling local area development and harnessing technology. It focuses on developing ‘core infrastructure’ services such as adequate water supply, assured electricity supply, sanitation, including solid waste management, efficient urban mobility and public transport, affordable housing, safety and security, green initiatives, and applying ‘Smart Solutions’ to make these services and infrastructure more sustainable and citizen-friendly.
The concept of a ‘smart city’ goes beyond just advanced healthcare, educational institutions, or transportation systems in isolation. It envisages comprehensive development that combines physical infrastructure with IT and communication technology to improve efficiency, sustainability, and the quality of life for residents. Option B best encapsulates this multi-faceted goal.

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