Economic and Social Development

111. A community of people called Manganiyars is well-known for their

A community of people called Manganiyars is well-known for their

[amp_mcq option1=”martial arts in North-East India” option2=”classical tradition in North-West India” option3=”classical vocal music in South India” option4=”pietra dura tradition in Central India” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2014
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The Manganiyars are a hereditary community of Muslim musicians from the desert regions of Rajasthan (North-West India) and the neighbouring Sindh province of Pakistan. They are renowned for their unique style of folk and classical-leaning music, which has been passed down through generations. Their tradition is deeply embedded in the culture of the Thar Desert.
– The Manganiyars traditionally performed for their patrons, including Rajput and Sindhi landowners.
– They play instruments like the Kamaicha (a string instrument), Sarangi, Dholak, and Harmonium.
– Their music often incorporates elements of both Rajasthani folk tunes and classical ragas.
Manganiyar music is known for its soulful melodies and complex rhythms. While they perform traditional folk songs, they also have a sophisticated understanding of musical scales and structures, bridging the gap between folk and classical traditions in North-West India.

112. Consider the following pairs : 1. Garba Gujarat

Consider the following pairs :

1. GarbaGujarat
2. MohiniattamOdisha
3. YakshaganaKarnataka

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2014
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Let’s evaluate each pair:
1. Garba: Gujarat – Garba is a popular folk dance from Gujarat, traditionally performed during Navaratri. This pair is correctly matched.
2. Mohiniattam: Odisha – Mohiniattam is a classical dance form that originated in Kerala, not Odisha. Odissi is the classical dance form of Odisha. This pair is incorrectly matched.
3. Yakshagana: Karnataka – Yakshagana is a traditional folk theatre form prevalent in coastal Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The major tradition is associated with Karnataka. This pair is correctly matched.
Therefore, pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched.
– Garba is a vibrant circular dance involving rhythmic clapping.
– Mohiniattam is characterized by graceful, flowing movements and is performed by women.
– Yakshagana combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, and stage techniques to present stories from epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
India has a rich diversity of classical and folk dance forms associated with specific states or regions. Classical dances recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi include Bharatanatyam (Tamil Nadu), Kathak (North India), Kathakali (Kerala), Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh), Odissi (Odisha), Sattriya (Assam), Manipuri (Manipur), and Mohiniattam (Kerala).

113. With reference to India’s culture and tradition, what is

With reference to India’s culture and tradition, what is ‘Kalaripayattu’?

[amp_mcq option1=”It is an ancient Bhakti cult of Shaivism still prevalent in some parts of South India” option2=”It is an ancient style bronze and brasswork still found in southern part of Coromandel area” option3=”It is an ancient form of dance-drama and a living tradition in the northern part of Malabar” option4=”It is an ancient martial art and a living tradition in some parts of South India” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2014
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Kalaripayattu is an ancient Indian martial art form that originated in Kerala, South India. It is considered one of the oldest surviving martial arts in the world and is still practiced in some parts of South India.
– Kalaripayattu involves a range of movements, strikes, weapons training, and traditional healing methods.
– It is deeply rooted in the cultural and traditional practices of Kerala.
– It is considered a living tradition passed down through generations.
Kalaripayattu techniques are believed to have influenced other martial arts forms and traditional dance forms like Kathakali. It includes unarmed combat as well as combat with various weapons like swords, shields, staves, etc.

114. Consider the following pairs : Programme/Project Ministry 1.

Consider the following pairs :

Programme/ProjectMinistry
1. Drought-Prone Area ProgrammeMinistry of Agriculture
2. Desert Development ProgrammeMinistry of Environment and Forests
3. National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed AreasMinistry of Rural Development

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”3 only” option3=”1, 2 and 3″ option4=”None” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2014
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None of the given pairs are correctly matched. The Drought-Prone Area Programme (DPAP) and Desert Development Programme (DDP) were administered by the Ministry of Rural Development (specifically, the Department of Land Resources). The National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) falls under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
Administrative responsibilities for various development programs in India are assigned to different Union Ministries. DPAP and DDP historically focused on area development and drought/desert mitigation in specific vulnerable regions, falling under the purview of rural development and land resources. NWDPRA is aimed at improving agricultural productivity in rainfed areas through watershed management, placing it under the agriculture ministry.
Over time, some of these programs or their components may have been restructured or integrated into larger schemes. However, at the time this question was likely framed, the stated ministry pairings were incorrect. For example, DPAP and DDP were later subsumed into the Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), which is also under the Ministry of Rural Development.

115. Which of the following statements about ‘Vibrant Village Programme’ of

Which of the following statements about ‘Vibrant Village Programme’ of the Government of India is/are correct ?

  • 1. It aims at comprehensive develop- ment of the identified villages
  • 2. Fairs, festivals, sports meet etc. are organized under this programme

Select the answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2024
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Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct. The Vibrant Village Programme (VVP) aims for the comprehensive development of identified villages in blocks bordering the Northern border. Promoting tourism, cultural activities, fairs, festivals, and sports is part of the strategy to improve the quality of life and connect border populations.
The Vibrant Village Programme is a centrally sponsored scheme designed for the holistic development of selected border villages, focusing on improving infrastructure, opportunities, and social cohesion.
The VVP was announced in the Union Budget 2022-23. It aims to reverse migration from border areas by providing infrastructure and economic opportunities, thereby also enhancing border security. It covers villages in the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and the Union Territory of Ladakh.

116. Biotechnological research is promoted through the development of “Bio-

Biotechnological research is promoted through the development of “Bio-technology Parks”. Which of the following is/are essential to bring technology to market ?

  • 1. Development of new product
  • 2. Entrepreneurship
  • 3. Technology incubation

Select the answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1 and 2 only” option3=”1, 2 and 3″ option4=”2 and 3 only” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2024
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The correct option is C. All three listed points – development of new product, entrepreneurship, and technology incubation – are essential to bring biotechnology research technology to market.
– Development of new product: This is the core outcome of research that needs to be commercialized. Without a viable product or technology, there’s nothing to market.
– Entrepreneurship: Individuals or teams (entrepreneurs) are needed to take the technology, form companies, raise capital, and build the business needed to manufacture and sell the product.
– Technology incubation: Incubation centers provide necessary infrastructure, mentoring, funding support, and business guidance to startups and researchers, helping them bridge the gap between laboratory research and market readiness. This significantly facilitates the commercialization process.
Biotechnology parks often host incubation centers specifically designed to nurture biotech startups, providing them with lab space, equipment, and business support to accelerate the transition from research to commercial product. All three components are interconnected and vital for successful technology transfer and commercialization in the biotech sector.

117. Which of the following is/are not correct about the Mother’s Absolute

Which of the following is/are not correct about the Mother’s Absolute Affection Programme ?

  • Allows all pregnant women to absolutely free and no-expense delivery in public health institutions.
  • Provides assured, comprehensive and quality antenatal care.
  • Promotes undiluted focus on breastfeeding.
  • Provides medical and nutritional care to severely acute malnourished children.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1, 2 and 4 only” option4=”3 only” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2023
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The Mother’s Absolute Affection (MAA) programme, launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, is specifically focused on promoting breastfeeding.
Statements 1, 2, and 4 describe aspects of broader maternal and child health programmes in India but are not the specific core components or focus of the MAA programme. MAA primarily targets promoting the initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and continued breastfeeding with complementary feeding up to two years or beyond.
Statement 1 (free delivery) relates to schemes like Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK). Statement 2 (assured, comprehensive antenatal care) relates to programmes like Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) and other ANC services. Statement 4 (care for SAM children) is addressed through Malnutrition Treatment Centres (MTCs) and other nutritional rehabilitation programs. The MAA program’s key components include capacity building of health staff, community sensitization, and establishing BPO (Breastfeeding Promotion Objectives) corners at health facilities.

118. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Population agei

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

  • 1. Population ageing is the process by which the share of the older population becomes proportionately lesser.
  • 2. In most of the developed countries, the population in higher age groups has increased.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2023
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The question asks which of the given statements is/are correct regarding population ageing.
Statement 1: Population ageing is the process by which the share of the older population becomes proportionately lesser. This statement is incorrect. Population ageing is the increase in the median age of a population due to declining fertility rates and rising life expectancy. It means the *proportion* of older persons in the population is increasing, not becoming lesser.

Statement 2: In most of the developed countries, the population in higher age groups has increased. This statement is correct. Developed countries typically have lower birth rates and higher life expectancies compared to developing countries. This demographic pattern leads to a larger proportion of the population being in older age cohorts.

Population ageing is a significant demographic trend globally, particularly pronounced in developed countries. It has various socio-economic implications, including challenges related to healthcare systems, pension schemes, and workforce structure. While ageing is most advanced in developed countries, it is also occurring rapidly in many developing countries.

119. Consider the following statements about millets : 1. Millets are oft

Consider the following statements about millets :

  • 1. Millets are often referred to as climate-resilient crops because they can grow on arid lands with minimal inputs and maintenance.
  • 2. Millets are a good source of minerals, dietary fibre, antioxidants and protein.
  • 3. Millets, including sorghum, account for less than 3% of the global grains trade.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”1 and 3 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2023
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Statements 1, 2 and 3 are all correct.
Statement 1: Millets are well-known for their resilience and ability to grow in harsh environments, including arid and semi-arid regions with low rainfall and poor soil quality. They require minimal inputs like water, fertilizers, and pesticides compared to crops like rice or wheat. This makes them highly suitable for climate-vulnerable regions and thus climate-resilient. This statement is correct.
Statement 2: Millets are nutritionally dense grains. They are good sources of essential minerals such as iron, calcium, zinc, and magnesium. They are also rich in dietary fibre, antioxidants, and protein. Their nutritional profile makes them beneficial for health, including managing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This statement is correct.
Statement 3: While millets are staple foods in many parts of Asia and Africa, they account for a relatively small portion of the global grain trade. The dominant grains in international trade are wheat, rice, and maize. Millets, including sorghum, are largely produced for subsistence farming and local consumption, leading to a smaller share in global trade, which is estimated to be less than 3%. This statement is correct.
Millets are a diverse group of small-seeded cereals. They offer potential for addressing food security, nutrition, and climate change challenges. The year 2023 was declared the International Year of Millets by the United Nations, highlighting their importance.

120. Based on the scoring on SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) India Inde

Based on the scoring on SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) India Index, the NITI Aayog has classified various States into certain categories. Which one of the following is not one of the categories?

[amp_mcq option1=”Aspirants” option2=”Performers” option3=”Fast runners” option4=”Achievers” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2022
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The correct answer is C) Fast runners.
– NITI Aayog’s SDG India Index categorizes states based on their performance (score) against the Sustainable Development Goals.
– The standard categories used are: Aspirant (score 0-49), Performer (score 50-64), Front Runner (score 65-99), and Achiever (score 100).
– The SDG India Index is a tool used by NITI Aayog to monitor the progress of states and Union Territories towards achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
– The index encourages competitive federalism by ranking states/UTs and highlighting areas where they need to improve.
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