Disintegration of the Mughal Empire

1. Which of the following statements are true of Bahadur Shah I? He suc

Which of the following statements are true of Bahadur Shah I?

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  • He succeeded Aurangzeb.
  • He had to fight his brothers for the throne.
  • He reversed many policies of his predecessor.
  • He ordered for the destruction of some temples.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1, 2 and 3
2, 3 and 4
2 and 3 only
1 and 4
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2019
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Statements 1, 2, and 3 are true of Bahadur Shah I.
– Bahadur Shah I (also known as Mu’azzam) was the eldest surviving son of Aurangzeb. He succeeded Aurangzeb to the Mughal throne after his father’s death in 1707.
– Like many Mughal successions, it was marked by a war of succession. Bahadur Shah I had to defeat his brothers, Muhammad Azam Shah (at the Battle of Jajau) and Muhammad Kam Bakhsh (in the Deccan), to secure the throne.
– Bahadur Shah I pursued a policy of compromise and conciliation, which reversed many of Aurangzeb’s stricter policies. He adopted a more tolerant attitude towards the Rajputs and the Marathas, attempting to settle disputes through negotiation rather than conflict. He also tried to pacify the Sikhs.
– Statement 4 is incorrect. While Aurangzeb was known for ordering the destruction of temples, Bahadur Shah I pursued a policy of greater religious tolerance compared to his father and did not order the destruction of temples; rather, he attempted reconciliation with Hindu groups.
Bahadur Shah I reigned from 1707 to 1712. His reign is seen as the beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire, although he managed to maintain some semblance of authority. His conciliatory policies were aimed at reducing rebellions and consolidating power, but they also reflected the weakening central control.

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2. Consider the following Jat peasant leaders of 17th and early 18th cent

Consider the following Jat peasant leaders of 17th and early 18th centuries :

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  • 1. Badan Singh
  • 2. Raja Ram Jat
  • 3. Gokula Jat
  • 4. Churaman Jat

Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the above leaders?

3-2-4-1
1-2-3-4
3-4-1-2
2-3-1-4
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
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The correct answer is A) 3-2-4-1.
– The chronological order of these Jat leaders is:
1. **Gokula Jat**: Led the first major Jat rebellion against Aurangzeb in 1669.
2. **Raja Ram Jat**: Active in the late 1680s, succeeding Gokula in leadership. He is known for raiding Akbar’s tomb in 1688.
3. **Churaman Jat**: A prominent leader in the early 18th century, consolidated Jat power and is considered the founder of the Jat state of Bharatpur. He died around 1721.
4. **Badan Singh**: Succeeded Churaman’s son and is credited with organizing the Jat state into a powerful entity. He ruled from the 1720s until his death in 1756.
– These leaders played crucial roles in the Jat uprisings against Mughal authority, eventually leading to the establishment of an independent Jat kingdom centered around Bharatpur.

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3. Who among the following assumed the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah to

Who among the following assumed the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah to set himself up as an independent ruler with his base in Hyderabad?

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Kartalab Khan
Bahadur Shah
Alivardi Khan
Chin Qilich Khan
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
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Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan, a prominent Mughal noble, was granted the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk Fath Jang by the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. He later consolidated his control over the Deccan region and effectively established the independent state of Hyderabad, although he continued to pay nominal allegiance to the Mughal emperor. He is also known by his alternative name Chin Qilich Khan and was the founder of the Asaf Jahi dynasty of Hyderabad.
– Chin Qilich Khan (Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan) was a key figure in the Deccan during the decline of the Mughal Empire.
– He was granted the title Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah.
– He established the virtually independent state of Hyderabad in the early 18th century.
Alivardi Khan was the Nawab of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha, who also established a degree of independence from the Mughals around the same period. Bahadur Shah refers to Mughal Emperors. Kartalab Khan was a title held by various individuals; Murshid Quli Khan, the founder of the independent Nawabdom of Bengal, was also known by this title earlier in his career.

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4. Which one of the following statements about the Sayyid brothers during

Which one of the following statements about the Sayyid brothers during the period of Later Mughals is not true?

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They brought Jahandar Shah to power.
They wielded administrative power.
They followed a tolerant religious policy.
They reached an agreement with King Shahu.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2017
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The statement that the Sayyid brothers brought Jahandar Shah to power is incorrect. Jahandar Shah ascended the throne with the help of Zulfiqar Khan after the death of Bahadur Shah I. The Sayyid brothers rose to prominence by defeating and killing Jahandar Shah in 1713 and installing Farrukhsiyar.
The Sayyid brothers, Abdullah Khan (Wazir) and Hussain Ali Khan (Mir Bakhshi), were known as ‘Kingmakers’ for their ability to place and depose Mughal emperors. They wielded considerable administrative power and followed a generally tolerant religious policy, including the abolition of Jaziya.
They played a crucial role in the politics of the Later Mughal period, making significant alliances, including the agreement with Maratha King Shahu in 1719, which granted the Marathas rights to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi in the Deccan. Their power eventually led to their downfall when Emperor Muhammad Shah orchestrated their assassination/imprisonment.

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