Directive Principles of State Policy Archives

31. Which one of the following Directive Principles was inserted by the Co

Which one of the following Directive Principles was inserted by the Constitution (42^nd Amendment) Act, 1976 ?

The State shall minimise inequalities in income

Equal justice and free legal aid

Promotion of co-operative societies

Provision for early childhood care

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UPSC NDA-2 – 2020

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The correct option is (B) Equal justice and free legal aid.

Article 39A, which mandates the state to provide for equal justice and free legal aid to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities, was inserted into the Directive Principles of State Policy by the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976.

The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, also known as the ‘Mini-Constitution’, introduced several other changes to the Directive Principles, including Article 39(f) (opportunity for healthy development of children), Article 43A (participation of workers in management of industries), and Article 48A (protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life). Option A (minimise inequalities in income) was inserted by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978 (Article 38(2)). Option C (Promotion of co-operative societies) was inserted by the 97th Amendment Act, 2011 (Article 43B). Option D (Provision for early childhood care) is part of the substituted Article 45 by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.

32. Article 46 of the Constitution of India refers to the promotion of edu

Article 46 of the Constitution of India refers to the promotion of educational and economic interests of

religious minorities.

Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.

displaced persons from large irrigation projects.

the economically deprived.

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UPSC NDA-2 – 2019

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Article 46 of the Constitution of India directs the State to promote the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, particularly Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

This article falls under the Directive Principles of State Policy and specifically mandates the State to protect these groups from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36-51) are guidelines to the central and state governments for enacting laws and policies. Article 46 is a crucial provision reflecting the commitment of the Indian state to uplift historically disadvantaged communities and ensure social equity. While religious minorities and the economically deprived also need state support, Article 46 explicitly names Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and “other weaker sections”.

33. Which one of the following is not a part of the Directive Principles o

Which one of the following is not a part of the Directive Principles of State Policy as enshrined in the Constitution of India?

Equal justice and free legal aid

Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance

Protection of personal law

Separation of Judiciary from Executive

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UPSC NDA-2 – 2018

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The correct answer is Protection of personal law.

Protection of personal law is not listed as a Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) in the Constitution of India. While the Constitution aims for a Uniform Civil Code (Article 44), which would replace diverse personal laws, protecting existing personal laws is contrary to this directive and is not a DPSP.

Options A (Article 39A – Equal justice and free legal aid), B (Article 49 – Protection of monuments, places and objects of national importance), and D (Article 50 – Separation of Judiciary from Executive) are all explicitly included as Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV of the Indian Constitution.

34. Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India deals

Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India deals with Uniform Civil Code?

Article 44

Article 40

Article 39A

Article 41

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UPSC Geoscientist – 2020

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Article 44 of the Constitution of India, part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV), states that “The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.”

A Uniform Civil Code (UCC) would replace personal laws based on scriptures and customs of various religious communities (such as Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, Parsi personal laws) with a common set of laws governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, maintenance, etc., for all citizens.

Article 40 deals with the organization of village panchayats, Article 39A deals with equal justice and free legal aid, and Article 41 deals with the right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases.

35. The provision, ‘the State shall take steps to separate the Judiciary f

The provision, ‘the State shall take steps to separate the Judiciary from the Executive in the public services of the State’ is incorporated in which part of the Constitution of India ?

Part-IV

Part-V

Part-VI

Part-VII

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UPSC CDS-2 – 2021

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The principle of separating the Judiciary from the Executive is a directive principle aimed at ensuring the independence of the judiciary. This provision is explicitly mentioned in Article 50 of the Constitution of India, which falls under Part IV of the Constitution, dealing with the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).

Article 50, which mandates the separation of the Judiciary from the Executive, is located in Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) of the Indian Constitution.

Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the central and state governments to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies. They are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced by courts, but they are considered fundamental in the governance of the country.

36. Who among the following considered the Directive Principles of State P

Who among the following considered the Directive Principles of State Policy as aiming at ‘furthering the goals of social exclusion’?

B.N. Rau

Granville Austin

K.C. Wheare

Rajni Kothari

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UPSC CDS-2 – 2021

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Granville Austin, a renowned historian of the Indian Constitution, described the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) as aiming, along with the Fundamental Rights, at ‘furthering the aims of social revolution’. The phrase in the question “social exclusion” appears to be a typo and should be “social revolution”. Austin argued that the Fundamental Rights and DPSP were the “conscience of the Constitution” and were central to the Constitution’s goal of achieving a social revolution by bringing about conditions necessary for a just society.

Granville Austin is known for his interpretation of the Indian Constitution as an instrument of ‘social revolution’, emphasizing the significance of Fundamental Rights and DPSP in this regard.

B.N. Rau was the constitutional advisor to the Constituent Assembly. K.C. Wheare described India’s constitution as ‘quasi-federal’. Rajni Kothari is a political scientist who has written extensively on Indian politics and the party system.

37. Which one of the following statements regarding Uniform Civil Code as

Which one of the following statements regarding Uniform Civil Code as provided under Article 44 of the Constitution of India is not correct?

It is a Fundamental Right of every Indian citizen.

The State shall endeavour to secure it for citizens throughout the territory of India.

It is not enforceable by any Court.

It is not enforceable by a Court yet the Constitution requires that as a principle it should be fundamental in the governance of our country.

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The correct answer is A) It is a Fundamental Right of every Indian citizen.

– Article 44 of the Constitution of India, which deals with the Uniform Civil Code, is listed under Part IV, Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs).
– Fundamental Rights are contained in Part III of the Constitution and are enforceable by courts (Articles 32 and 226). DPSPs, under Article 37, are expressly stated as “not enforceable by any court”. Therefore, the UCC is not a Fundamental Right.
– Statement B is correct as it directly quotes the objective mentioned in Article 44.
– Statement C is correct because DPSPs are not judicially enforceable.
– Statement D is correct as Article 37 explicitly states that the principles in Part IV are “fundamental in the governance of the country” and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws, even though they are not enforceable by courts.
– The question asks for the statement that is *not* correct. Only statement A is incorrect.

A Uniform Civil Code aims to replace personal laws based on the scriptures and customs of various religious communities with a common set of laws governing matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, and maintenance. Its implementation has been a subject of ongoing debate in India.

38. Which of the following statements with respect to the right to have a

Which of the following statements with respect to the right to have a legal aid is/are correct?

1. Under the Constitution of India, it is given under the Directive Principles of State Policy.
2. It is the duty of the police to inform the nearest Legal Aid Committee immediately after the arrest of a person.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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The correct answer is C. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Statement 1 is correct as Article 39A, inserted by the 42nd Amendment, provides for free legal aid to the poor and weaker sections of society, ensuring justice is not denied due to economic or other disabilities. This is a Directive Principle of State Policy (Part IV).
Statement 2 is also correct. Following judgments of the Supreme Court and provisions of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, it is a statutory and constitutional mandate that an arrested person must be informed of their right to legal aid, and the police have the duty to facilitate access to legal aid services, which includes informing the relevant Legal Aid Committee.

The right to free legal aid has been recognized as a fundamental right implicit in Articles 14, 21, and 22(1) of the Constitution. The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, provides the framework for the provision of free legal services. Police manuals and procedures often require the arresting officer to inform the arrested person of this right and to notify the District Legal Services Authority or nearest Legal Aid Committee.

39. Which one of the following is not a part of Article 51 of the Consti

Which one of the following is not a part of Article 51 of the Constitution of India?

Promote international peace and security

Maintain just and honourable relations between nations

Use of UN peacekeeping force for resolution of international disputes

Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2023

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Article 51 of the Constitution of India is a Directive Principle of State Policy that deals with the promotion of international peace and security. It directs the State to strive for:
(a) promote international peace and security;
(b) maintain just and honourable relations between nations;
(c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another; and
(d) encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
Option A, B, and D are explicitly mentioned in Article 51. The use of a UN peacekeeping force for the resolution of international disputes (Option C) is a method or mechanism that aligns with the broader goals of international peace and security but is not a specific directive listed as a clause within Article 51 itself.

– Article 51 is a part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV of the Constitution).
– It outlines India’s foreign policy objectives as enshrined in the Constitution.
– The article focuses on peaceful relations, international law, and arbitration.

Directive Principles of State Policy are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws, though they are not enforceable by any court. Article 51 guides India’s approach to international relations.

40. Which one of the following statements relating to the Directive Princi

Which one of the following statements relating to the Directive Principles of State Policy is not correct?

The provisions contained in Part IV of the Constitution of India shall not be enforceable by any Court.

The Directive Principles of State Policy are fundamental in the governance of the country.

It shall be the duty of the State to apply the Directive Principles in making laws.

The Directive Principles are directed in making India an advanced capitalist country of the world.

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2017

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The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs), contained in Part IV of the Indian Constitution (Articles 36-51), lay down certain goals that the State should strive to achieve for the welfare of the people.
Statement A: Article 37 explicitly states that the provisions contained in Part IV shall not be enforceable by any court. This is correct.
Statement B: Article 37 also states that the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. This is correct.
Statement C: Article 37 further states that it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. This is correct.
Statement D: The DPSPs are aimed at creating a welfare state and establishing social and economic democracy. They include principles related to social justice, economic equality, rights of workers, protection of environment, international peace, etc. They are not directed towards making India an advanced capitalist country. Capitalism is an economic system often contrasted with the principles of a welfare state promoted by DPSPs. This statement is incorrect.
Therefore, statement D is the one that is not correct.

DPSPs aim to establish a welfare state and achieve social and economic democracy, guiding the State towards achieving these ideals, rather than promoting capitalism as the primary goal.

DPSPs are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced by courts, but they are fundamental in the country’s governance and are meant to guide the executive and legislature. They represent the social and economic conscience of the Constitution.