Demography of India

1. According to results of Census 2011, among the top four populous metro

According to results of Census 2011, among the top four populous metropolitans, literacy rate is highest in

Mumbai
Delhi
Bengaluru
Hyderabad
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According to Census 2011 results, Mumbai had the highest literacy rate among the given metropolitan areas.
Based on data from Census 2011 for Urban Agglomerations, the literacy rates were approximately: Mumbai (around 89.7%), Delhi (around 86.3%), Bengaluru (around 88.5%), and Hyderabad (around 83.2%). Comparing these figures, Mumbai recorded the highest literacy rate among the options provided.
Literacy rate is a key indicator of socio-economic development. The Census provides detailed data on literacy rates across various geographies and demographics in India. The ranking might vary slightly depending on whether city municipal limits or urban agglomerations are considered, but for the major metros, the relative ranking among the given options typically holds.

2. Which of the following socio-economic factors tend to keep birth rate

Which of the following socio-economic factors tend to keep birth rate in India significantly high ?
1. Poverty
2. Joint family system
3. Urbanisation
4. Universal marriage
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 2 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
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Options 1, 2, and 4 represent socio-economic factors that tend to keep the birth rate significantly high in India. Poverty often leads to lack of access to education and family planning, and children may be seen as assets. The joint family system can reduce the perceived cost and burden of raising multiple children. Universal marriage, especially early marriage, extends the reproductive period. Urbanisation (Factor 3), however, is generally associated with factors that *reduce* birth rates, such as increased access to education, employment opportunities for women, awareness and availability of family planning, higher cost of living, and smaller living spaces. Therefore, urbanisation tends to lower birth rates.
– Socio-economic factors play a significant role in determining fertility rates.
– Factors like poverty, traditional family structures, and marriage patterns can contribute to higher birth rates.
– Factors like urbanisation, education, and access to healthcare/family planning tend to reduce birth rates.
– Other factors contributing to high birth rates in certain areas might include high infant mortality rates (leading to a desire for more children), lack of awareness or access to contraception, and cultural/religious beliefs favoring larger families.
– India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has been declining over the decades, indicating that the influence of these factors is diminishing overall, although they still contribute to regional variations.

3. As per the census 2011, which one of the following States in India has

As per the census 2011, which one of the following States in India has the highest percentage of Scheduled Tribes population in its total population ?

Mizoram
Arunachal Pradesh
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Madhya Pradesh
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Option A is correct. As per the Census 2011 data, Mizoram has the highest percentage of Scheduled Tribes (ST) population in its total population among the given options. Over 90% of Mizoram’s population was identified as STs in 2011.
– ST population percentage varies significantly across states and union territories in India.
– States in the North-East generally have a high percentage of ST population.
– According to Census 2011, the ST population percentages were approximately: Mizoram (94.4%), Arunachal Pradesh (68.8%), Madhya Pradesh (21.1%), Andaman & Nicobar Islands (7.5%). Lakshadweep and Mizoram had the highest percentages overall among states/UTs.
– Madhya Pradesh has the largest *absolute* number of STs in India, but not the highest *percentage*.

4. In which year was the first All India Census attempted and from which

In which year was the first All India Census attempted and from which year did the Decennial Census become a regular feature ?

1861 and 1881 respectively
1776 and 1801 respectively
1872 and 1881 respectively
1881 and 1891 respectively
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The first attempt at an All India Census was made in 1872, and the Decennial Census became a regular feature starting from 1881.
The census in India is conducted by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
The 1872 census was conducted under Lord Mayo and was not synchronous across the whole country. The first synchronous decennial census was conducted in 1881 under Lord Ripon, and it has been held regularly every ten years thereafter.

5. As per the Census of India 2011, which one among the following Schedul

As per the Census of India 2011, which one among the following Scheduled Languages of India has the highest percentage of speakers ?

Bengali
Marathi
Telugu
Urdu
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As per the Census of India 2011, among the given options, Bengali has the highest percentage of speakers among the Scheduled Languages listed.
– The Census of India 2011 provides detailed data on the distribution of speakers for various languages in India, including the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution (Scheduled Languages).
– According to the 2011 census data:
– Hindi is the most spoken language in India, with about 43.63% of the population reporting it as their mother tongue.
– Bengali is the second most spoken language, with about 8.03% of the population.
– Marathi is the third most spoken language, with about 6.86% of the population.
– Telugu is the fourth most spoken language, with about 6.70% of the population.
– Urdu is listed as the 7th most spoken language, with about 4.19% of the population.
– Comparing the percentages for the given options (Bengali 8.03%, Marathi 6.86%, Telugu 6.70%, Urdu 4.19%), Bengali has the highest percentage of speakers.
Understanding the linguistic diversity of India and the relative percentages of speakers for major languages is important for understanding the social and cultural landscape of the country. The Census data is the primary source for this information. The Eighth Schedule lists the official languages recognized by the Government of India.

6. Which one of the following has recorded the highest decadal (2001 – 11

Which one of the following has recorded the highest decadal (2001 – 11) growth rate of population as per Census 2011?

Rajasthan
Arunachal Pradesh
Puducherry
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
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As per Census 2011 data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli recorded the highest decadal population growth rate (2001-2011) among the given options, with a growth rate of 55.9%.
– Decadal growth rate is the percentage change in population over a ten-year period.
– Union Territories and states with significant migration due to economic opportunities often show higher growth rates.
Among the given options, Rajasthan’s growth rate was 21.3%, Arunachal Pradesh was 26.0%, and Puducherry was 28.1%. Nagaland had the lowest decadal growth rate among all states and UTs (-0.6%), while Meghalaya had the highest among states (27.9%).

7. Which one among the following is the most important reason for female

Which one among the following is the most important reason for female migration in India ?

Work/Employment
Marriage
Education
Business
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The correct answer is Marriage.
Based on census data and various demographic studies in India, marriage is the predominant reason for female migration. Social and cultural norms often lead women to move to their husband’s residence or village after marriage.
While work/employment is a significant driver for male migration, it is a less frequent primary reason for female migration compared to marriage, especially in rural-to-rural migration streams which constitute a large portion of internal migration in India. Education and business are also reasons for migration but are less significant in overall numbers for female migration compared to marriage.
The 2011 Census of India data indicates that marriage accounted for the largest share (about 66%) of female migration in the country. Work/employment was the reason for only about 2% of female migrants. This pattern highlights the strong influence of social factors on migration decisions for women in India.

8. Sex ratio, in a population, is defined as the number of

Sex ratio, in a population, is defined as the number of

females for every thousand males
females for every hundred males
males for every hundred females
males for every ten thousand females
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Sex ratio in a population is defined as the number of females for every thousand males.
This metric is used to understand the balance between the male and female population in a given area or group.
In India, the sex ratio is typically calculated as the number of females per 1000 males. A ratio of 1000 indicates an equal number of males and females; a ratio below 1000 indicates fewer females than males, and vice versa.

9. The total fertility rate in an economy is defined as :

The total fertility rate in an economy is defined as :

the number of children born per 1000 people in the population in a year.
the number of children born to a couple in their lifetime in a given population.
the birth rate minus death rate.
the average number of live births a woman would have by the end of her child-bearing age.
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The correct option is D.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a demographic measure defined as the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates through her reproductive years, and survive through all those years. It represents the potential number of children born per woman.
Option A describes the Crude Birth Rate (CBR).
Option B is a simplified concept, but TFR is a theoretical construct based on population-wide age-specific rates, not an average of actual children born to specific couples or women who have completed their childbearing.
Option C describes the natural growth rate (or rate of natural increase), if expressed per 1000 people.
Option D accurately defines the Total Fertility Rate.
A TFR of approximately 2.1 is generally considered replacement level fertility, meaning that each generation is having just enough children to replace itself, accounting for mortality before the end of the reproductive years.

10. Which one of the following is a pull factor for migration?

Which one of the following is a pull factor for migration?

Natural disaster
High wage
Housing shortage
Low income
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A high wage in a potential destination is a pull factor for migration, as it attracts people seeking better economic opportunities and higher income than what is available in their current location.
Migration is often influenced by a combination of push factors and pull factors. Push factors are negative conditions or circumstances that compel people to leave a place, while pull factors are positive conditions or attractions that draw people to a place.
Natural disasters, housing shortages, and low income in the origin location are all examples of push factors, as they represent unfavorable conditions that might encourage people to leave. Pull factors contrast these by offering desirable conditions such as job availability, better services, higher education, political stability, or attractive climate.
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