Defence Technology

61. Submarine INS Kalvari which was commissioned into the Indian Navy in D

Submarine INS Kalvari which was commissioned into the Indian Navy in December 2017 was built with technological collaboration with

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Russia
Japan
France
USA
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UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2018
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Submarine INS Kalvari, commissioned into the Indian Navy in December 2017, was built with technological collaboration with France. It is the first of the Scorpene-class submarines built in India.
– The Scorpene class (Project 75) submarines are designed by French naval defence and energy group Naval Group (formerly DCNS).
– These submarines are being built in India by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) in Mumbai through a transfer of technology.
– The technological know-how and design are primarily from France.
INS Kalvari is the lead boat of six Scorpene-class submarines planned for the Indian Navy under Project 75. The other submarines are Khanderi, Karanj, Vela, Vagir, and Vagsheer. The project is a significant step towards indigenization in submarine construction.

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62. The Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School of the Indian Army is

The Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School of the Indian Army is located at

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Wellington
Dehradun
Vairengte
Gulmarg
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The Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare (CIJW) School of the Indian Army is located at Vairengte, Mizoram.
– The CIJW School is a premier training institution of the Indian Army specializing in counter-insurgency and jungle warfare tactics.
– It was established in 1967.
– Its location in the dense jungle environment of Mizoram provides a realistic setting for training troops in fighting unconventional warfare in challenging terrain.
The school trains not only Indian Army personnel but also personnel from other branches of the Indian armed forces, Central Armed Police Forces, and military personnel from various friendly foreign countries.

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63. Which of the following are required in making an Improvised Explosive

Which of the following are required in making an Improvised Explosive Device (IED)?

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  • 1. Detonator
  • 2. Explosive
  • 3. Battery

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2017
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The correct option is D, as detonator, explosive, and battery are typically required in making an Improvised Explosive Device (IED), especially those using electrical initiation which is common.
An Improvised Explosive Device (IED) is a bomb constructed using unconventional means. The fundamental components generally required for a functional IED are:
1. **Explosive:** This is the main charge that produces the explosion.
2. **Detonator/Initiator:** This is a smaller charge or mechanism used to trigger the main explosive charge.
3. **Initiating System:** This system activates the detonator. It often includes a power source (like a battery), a switch, and wiring for electrical detonation, which is very common in modern IEDs due to its versatility (e.g., timer, remote control). While non-electric initiation systems exist (like fuses), a battery is a common and necessary component for electrically initiated IEDs.
Given the options, all three listed items are standard components for a widely used type of IED construction.
IEDs can vary greatly in complexity and components, utilizing various types of explosives, initiators, containers, and triggering mechanisms. The initiating system is crucial for controlling when the device detonates. Batteries provide the necessary electrical energy to activate many types of detonators or timing devices used in IEDs.

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64. Through the X-BIS Screen, explosives are seen in

Through the X-BIS Screen, explosives are seen in

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Orange colour
Green colour
Black colour
White colour
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UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2017
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The correct answer is A) Orange colour. In most standard X-ray Baggage Inspection Systems (X-BIS), organic materials, which include explosives and narcotics, are typically displayed in shades of orange or brown.
– X-BIS machines use dual-energy X-rays to differentiate between materials based on their atomic number (Zeff).
– Different colours are assigned to different categories of materials:
– Organic materials (low Zeff, e.g., paper, cloth, food, explosives, drugs) – often shown as orange/brown.
– Mixed materials (medium Zeff, e.g., plastics, water) – often shown as green.
– Inorganic materials (high Zeff, e.g., metals, glass) – often shown as blue/black.
– This colour coding helps security personnel quickly identify potential threats or prohibited items within luggage. While colour schemes can vary slightly between manufacturers, the orange/brown representation for organic materials like explosives is widely used.

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65. Which one of following is not a Bomb Detection/Disposal Equipment ?

Which one of following is not a Bomb Detection/Disposal Equipment ?

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Non-Linear Junction Detector (NLJD)
Threat Containment Vehicle (TCV)
Bomb Blanket
Buried Cable
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The correct answer is D) Buried Cable.
Bomb detection and disposal equipment includes specialized tools and vehicles designed to locate, identify, contain, or neutralize explosive devices. Non-Linear Junction Detectors (NLJD) are used to find electronic components in devices like IEDs. Threat Containment Vehicles (TCV) are used to safely transport explosive threats. Bomb Blankets are used to protect people and property from the effects of an explosion. A buried cable, while potentially being related to infrastructure or possibly a component of an IED, is not a standard piece of bomb detection/disposal equipment itself.
Buried cables typically refer to utility lines (power, communication) or potentially perimeter security sensors (like seismic or magnetic intrusion detection systems). They are not tools used *by* bomb disposal personnel for detection or disposal operations.

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66. What is a Drone ?

What is a Drone ?

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It is a type of missile launcher.
It is a computer virus.
It is an unmanned aerial vehicle that can navigate autonomously.
It is a type of inflated boat to rescue marooned people.
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The correct answer is C) It is an unmanned aerial vehicle that can navigate autonomously.
A drone, in its most common modern usage, refers to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). These aircraft can be controlled remotely by a human operator or can fly autonomously using pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic automation systems.
While the term “drone” was initially used for military target practice aircraft, it now encompasses a wide range of UAVs used for various purposes including surveillance, photography, delivery, reconnaissance, and military operations. Options A, B, and D describe completely different things (missile launcher, computer virus, rescue boat).

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67. RDX stands for

RDX stands for

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Research Department Explosive
Radio Device Explosive
Radioactive Detonated Explosive
None of the above
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2017
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The correct answer is A) Research Department Explosive.
RDX is a powerful explosive widely used in military and industrial applications. The acronym originated from the British Research Department in the 1930s.
RDX is also known by other names such as cyclonite or hexogen. It is a key component in various explosive mixtures, including C-4 plastic explosive. While the name RDX is commonly cited as originating from “Research Department Explosive” in the UK, it is sometimes also said to stand for “Royal Demolition Explosive”. The UK origin is the most widely accepted for the acronym itself.

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68. Operations undertaken by the Army towards upliftment of the local popu

Operations undertaken by the Army towards upliftment of the local population in remote areas to include addressing of their basic needs is called :

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Operation Sankalp
Operation Maitri
Operation Sadbhavana
Operation Madad
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UPSC IAS – 2024
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Operation Sadbhavana is the Indian Army’s initiative aimed at winning the hearts and minds of the local population in areas affected by insurgency or located in remote and underdeveloped regions, particularly in Jammu and Kashmir. It involves undertaking welfare activities, infrastructure development, education, and health camps to address the basic needs and foster better civil-military relations. The description in the question perfectly matches the objectives and activities of Operation Sadbhavana.
– Operation Sadbhavana is a military civic action program of the Indian Army.
– Its focus is primarily on welfare activities, including running schools, health centres, and vocational training programs, as well as undertaking small-scale infrastructure projects.
– The objective is to contribute to the social and economic development of the local population and counter alienation from the state.
Other options refer to different operations: Operation Sankalp is a naval operation for maritime security, Operation Maitri was a disaster relief operation in Nepal, and Operation Madad is typically associated with naval flood relief efforts.

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69. What are the duties of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) as Head of the

What are the duties of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) as Head of the Department of Military Affairs?

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  • 1. Permanent Chairman of Chiefs of Staff Committee.
  • 2. Exercise military command over the three Service Chiefs
  • 3. Principal Military Advisor to Defence Minister on all tri-service matters

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
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UPSC IAS – 2024
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Statement 1 is correct because the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) is the Permanent Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. Statement 3 is correct as the CDS serves as the Principal Military Advisor to the Defence Minister on all tri-service matters. Statement 2 is incorrect as the CDS does not exercise military command over the three Service Chiefs; the operational control remains with the respective Service Chiefs. Therefore, only statements 1 and 3 are correct.
– The CDS post was created to provide single-point military advice to the government and coordinate among the three services.
– The CDS is the head of the newly created Department of Military Affairs (DMA) within the Ministry of Defence.
– The CDS functions include administering the tri-service organizations, promoting jointness in procurement, training, and staffing, and implementing five-year Defence Capital Acquisition Plans and two-year roll-on Annual Acquisition Plans.
The role of CDS was first recommended by the Kargil Review Committee in 1999. It was formally announced in 2019 and the first CDS, General Bipin Rawat, took office in January 2020. The creation of the post aims to improve synergy and integration between the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

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70. Which of the following is/are correctly matched in terms of equivalent

Which of the following is/are correctly matched in terms of equivalent rank in the three services of Indian Defence forces ?

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ArmyAirforceNavy
1.BrigadierAir CommodoreCommander
2.Major GeneralAir Vice MarshalVice Admiral
3.MajorSquadron LeaderLieutenant Commander
4.Lieutenant ColonelGroup CaptainCaptain

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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1 and 4
1 and 3
2, 3 and 4
3 only
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UPSC IAS – 2024
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The correct answer is D, indicating that only row 3 is correctly matched.
Let’s examine each row:
1. Brigadier (Army) is equivalent to Air Commodore (Air Force) and Commodore (Navy). The Navy rank is incorrect (Commander).
2. Major General (Army) is equivalent to Air Vice Marshal (Air Force) and Rear Admiral (Navy). The Navy rank is incorrect (Vice Admiral).
3. Major (Army) is equivalent to Squadron Leader (Air Force) and Lieutenant Commander (Navy). This row is correctly matched.
4. Lieutenant Colonel (Army) is equivalent to Wing Commander (Air Force) and Commander (Navy). The Air Force rank (Group Captain) and Navy rank (Captain) given are incorrect for Lieutenant Colonel; Group Captain and Captain are equivalent to Colonel (Army).
Understanding the equivalent ranks across the three branches of the Indian Defence Forces is important for general knowledge and defence studies. The rank structure reflects hierarchy and command authority within each service.

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