Defence Technology

What should be the average lux level of the perimeter lighting at the airports ?

[amp_mcq option1=”3.5 lux” option2=”5.5 lux” option3=”More than 6 lux” option4=”The perimeter should not be lit at all” correct=”option1″]

A common recommended minimum average lux level for airport perimeter lighting is 3.5 lux.

Adequate perimeter lighting is essential for airport security during hours of darkness or low visibility. It facilitates surveillance by security personnel and CCTV systems, helping detect unauthorized access attempts across the perimeter. Standards like those from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or national aviation security agencies specify minimum illumination levels.

While different standards may exist, 3.5 lux on average is often cited as a baseline requirement for airport perimeter lighting, with consideration for uniformity and avoidance of glare. Option D is incorrect as perimeter lighting is a fundamental security requirement for airports.

Which one of the following should be the minimum distance between two items going through the X-BIS ?

[amp_mcq option1=”20 cm” option2=”30 cm” option3=”60 cm” option4=”40 cm” correct=”option2″]

The minimum distance between two items on the conveyor belt of an X-ray Baggage Inspection System (X-BIS) is typically specified to be around 30 cm.

Maintaining a minimum gap between items is essential for the X-ray machine to produce clear, distinct images of each item. If items are too close or overlapping, their images can merge, making it difficult or impossible for the screener to accurately analyze the contents and detect potential threats.

Operational guidelines for X-ray screening equipment emphasize proper placement of items on the belt, including adequate separation, to maximize screening efficiency and effectiveness. While a larger gap might provide clearer separation, 30 cm is often considered a balance between image clarity and processing speed.

Which one of the following is not part of DFMD ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Electronic Unit” option2=”Lead Curtain” option3=”Remote Control Unit” option4=”Cross Piece” correct=”option2″]

A Lead Curtain is not a standard component of a Door Frame Metal Detector (DFMD).

– DFMDs use electromagnetic fields to detect metallic objects as a person walks through the frame. Key components include the electronic unit (generating fields, processing signals), the frame structure (cross piece, side panels), and sometimes a remote control or interface.
– Lead curtains are used for shielding against X-rays, commonly found in X-ray baggage scanners to protect operators and the environment from radiation. They are not part of the metal detection principle.

Understanding the basic working principles of common security screening equipment helps differentiate their components. DFMDs rely on electromagnetism, while X-ray scanners rely on ionization radiation and require shielding materials like lead.

Which of the following statements about ‘Milan 2020’ is/are correct ?

• 1. This is an international naval exercise.
• 2. The first edition of the exercise was held in 1995.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

Statement 1: Milan is an international naval exercise. This is correct. Milan is a biennial multilateral naval exercise hosted by the Indian Navy. It involves participation from numerous countries, focusing on increasing interoperability and understanding among participating navies.
Statement 2: The first edition of the exercise was held in 1995. This is also correct. The Milan exercise was first conducted in 1995 in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands with the participation of four littoral countries: Indonesia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. It has since grown into a major international naval gathering.
Since both statements are correct, the correct answer is C.

Milan is one of the major international naval exercises hosted by India, aimed at fostering friendly relations and cooperation among participating navies through exercises and professional interactions. It is distinct from bilateral or trilateral exercises like Malabar or SLINEX.

The exercise is usually held under the aegis of the Andaman and Nicobar Command of the Indian Navy. The number of participating nations has significantly increased over the years, reflecting the growing strategic importance of the Indian Ocean region and India’s expanding naval partnerships. Milan 2020 (though affected by the pandemic, some activities might have been planned or scaled down) was intended to be a large-scale event.

Which one of the following was the main theme of Defcom India 2019 ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Information and Communication Technology for improved communication support to forward edges of tactical battle area” option2=”Communication as a decisive catalyst for jointness” option3=”Digital army infrastructure and skilled human resource” option4=”Technology as a key enabler to overcome military challenges” correct=”option2″]

Defcom India is a biennial international exhibition and seminar organised by the Corps of Signals of the Indian Army in association with the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). The main theme of Defcom India 2019, held in New Delhi, was “Communication as a Decisive Catalyst for Jointness”. The event focuses on leveraging Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for military applications and promoting synergy among the armed forces.

Defcom serves as a platform for interaction among military, industry, and academia to discuss advancements in military communications and their role in enhancing jointness and operational efficiency of the armed forces. The theme for each edition reflects the current priorities in defence communication.

Jointness refers to the ability of the different branches of the armed forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, etc.) to operate together seamlessly. Effective communication is crucial for achieving this jointness, especially in modern warfare scenarios. The theme highlighted the importance of robust and interoperable communication systems in achieving coordinated operations.

Which of the following sectors is/are regarded as critical infra-structure?

• 1. Aviation sector
• 2. Power sector
• 3. Atomic energy sector

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”3 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option4″]

All three sectors listed – Aviation, Power, and Atomic energy – are regarded as critical infrastructure.

Critical infrastructure comprises essential systems and assets whose disruption could cause significant harm to national security, economy, public health, or safety.

Governments typically identify various sectors as critical infrastructure, which often include energy (power, oil & gas), transportation (aviation, rail, road, ports), communication, water, health, finance, and government facilities, among others. The specific list can vary slightly by country but the mentioned sectors are almost universally considered critical.

A hijacked aircraft on landing at an Indian airport is procedurally parked at

[amp_mcq option1=”runway” option2=”isolation bay” option3=”apron” option4=”None of the above” correct=”option2″]

A hijacked aircraft on landing at an Indian airport is procedurally parked at an isolation bay.

An isolation bay is a designated area at an airport, usually located away from normal passenger terminals, taxiways, and runways, specifically designed to handle aircraft involved in security incidents, minimizing risk to other airport operations and personnel.

Parking a hijacked aircraft at an isolation bay allows security forces and crisis management teams to contain the situation, negotiate if necessary, and prepare for intervention without disrupting other airport traffic or endangering people in populated areas of the airport.

Which one of the following should be avoided by the patrolling party while patrolling in an extremist affected area?

[amp_mcq option1=”Use the ‘Kacha’ established road instead of making cross-country” option2=”Watch out for any mine or look on the road as it may be linked to IED” option3=”Maintain a proper distance between front and rear of the patrolling party” option4=”While walking in formation, keep your own position in mind” correct=”option1″]

Using the ‘Kacha’ established road instead of making cross-country should be avoided if possible, or done with extreme caution, as established roads are often used by extremists for ambushes or planting Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).

Established routes, especially unpaved (Kacha) roads, are predictable lines of movement and thus pose a higher risk of ambush or IEDs in extremist-affected areas.

While using established roads can be faster, patrolling parties in high-risk areas often vary their routes, use cross-country movement where feasible and tactically sound, and maintain strict vigilance for signs of tampering, mines, or IEDs on any path they use. Maintaining proper distance between elements and situational awareness within the formation are standard and necessary patrolling practices.

To secure an outpost in a deep jungle area, several points have to be kept in mind. Which one of the following is not one of them?

[amp_mcq option1=”Binocular and night vision devices should be available in the sentry post” option2=”Construct firing trench and weapon pits” option3=”There should be only one entry and exit point and it should be in zig-zag pattern” option4=”During night, there should be bright lights inside the camp” correct=”option4″]

During the night, there should not be bright lights inside the camp that illuminate the personnel.

Bright lights inside a camp at night would silhouette the personnel and make them easy targets for snipers or attackers observing from outside. Security lighting should typically be directed outwards or used strategically to illuminate approaches, not the interior space in a way that exposes occupants.

Securing an outpost involves creating defensive positions (firing trenches, weapon pits), establishing surveillance capabilities (binoculars, night vision), controlling access points, and implementing appropriate lighting discipline to enhance security and prevent detection or targeting by adversaries.

It is difficult to recover firearms from Naxals. If you are going to do so, some points should be remembered. Which one of the following is not correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”Assess the distance between the Naxals and yourself” option2=”Observe the firearms they are carrying” option3=”Assess the strength of the Naxals” option4=”Open fire as soon as you see them” correct=”option4″]

Opening fire as soon as you see them is not a correct action when attempting to recover firearms from Naxals.

Standard tactical procedure involves assessing the situation (distance, strength, weapons) before initiating contact or opening fire. Immediate, unassessed opening of fire is generally reckless and may jeopardize the mission (like recovering firearms) or the safety of the personnel.

Tactical planning prior to engaging with insurgents or criminals involves careful assessment of the threat, environment, and objectives. Actions like assessing distance, observing enemy weapons, and estimating their strength are crucial for deciding the course of action, which could range from surveillance, maneuver, or engaging with appropriate force.