Akbar Archives

11. The important source for Akbar’s reign, Tarikh-i-Akbari was written by

The important source for Akbar’s reign, Tarikh-i-Akbari was written by which one of the following Persian language scholars?

Arif Qandahari

Bayazid Bayat

Abdul Qadir Badauni

Nizamuddin Ahmad

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2018

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The correct answer is A) Arif Qandahari.

‘Tarikh-i-Akbari’ is a historical work written in Persian by Arif Qandahari. It is one of the contemporary sources for the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar, covering events up to the 18th regnal year (around 1573-74 AD).

Other important Persian language chronicles of Akbar’s reign include ‘Akbarnama’ by Abul Fazl, ‘Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh’ by Abdul Qadir Badauni, and ‘Tabaqat-i-Akbari’ by Nizamuddin Ahmad. While Nizamuddin Ahmad’s work is often referred to as a history of Akbar, its formal title is ‘Tabaqat-i-Akbari’, and it’s distinct from Arif Qandahari’s ‘Tarikh-i-Akbari’. Bayazid Bayat wrote ‘Tarikh-i-Humayun’.

12. Which one of the following sources tells us about women protesting aga

Which one of the following sources tells us about women protesting against the infidelity of their husbands or the neglect of the wife and children by the male head of the household?

The Kitab-ul-Hind

Documents belonging to the Village Panchayats of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra

Sculptures from Mandor

The Ain-i-Akbari of Abul Fazl

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2016

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Documents belonging to Village Panchayats of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra are the most likely source among the given options to contain information about social disputes, including women protesting against the infidelity of their husbands or neglect by the male head of the household. Village panchayats historically served as local judicial and administrative bodies that dealt with community disputes, including family matters, marriage, and social norms. Records from such bodies would document grievances and the process of resolution or protest.

Village-level administrative and judicial records, such as those maintained by panchayats, provide valuable insights into social dynamics, disputes, and protests at the grassroots level.

While other sources like Kitab-ul-Hind and Ain-i-Akbari provide broader information on Indian society and administration during their respective periods, they are less likely to contain specific details of individual domestic disputes and protests in villages. Sculptures, while providing visual information about life and culture, are generally not a source for documented protests or legal grievances. Archival records from local bodies like village panchayats are a direct source for such socio-legal matters.

13. Which one of the following scholars of Akbar’s court translated Bhaska

Which one of the following scholars of Akbar’s court translated Bhaskaracharya’s Lilavati into Persian ?

Abul Fazl

Faizi

Fathullah Shirazi

Ataullah Rashidi

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2021

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Bhaskaracharya’s important mathematical treatise, *Lilavati*, was translated into Persian at the instance of Emperor Akbar. The translation was undertaken by Faizi (Shaikh Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak), who was Akbar’s poet laureate and the brother of Abul Fazl.

– Akbar’s reign saw significant patronage of literature, translation, and cultural exchange.
– Many important Sanskrit works were translated into Persian during this period.

Faizi was part of Akbar’s ‘Navaratnas’ (nine jewels). He was skilled in Sanskrit and was given the responsibility of leading the translation department (Mahakma-i-Tarjama). Abul Fazl was the author of *Akbarnama* and *Ain-i-Akbari*. Fathullah Shirazi was a noted scholar and administrator at Akbar’s court. Ataullah Rashidi translated *Lilavati* much later, during the reign of Shah Jahan.