Advent of European Companies

11. Which one of the following was primarily associated with ‘Dadni’

Which one of the following was primarily associated with ‘Dadni’ system?

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Textile production
Warfare
Payment to officials
Revenue collection
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2023
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The ‘Dadni’ system was a method of procurement predominantly used by European trading companies, including the English East India Company, in Bengal during the 17th and 18th centuries. Under this system, the Company or its agents (Gomasthas) would advance money (‘dadni’) to weavers and artisans for the production and supply of goods, mainly textiles, within a stipulated time frame. This system tied the producers to the Company and was often exploitative.
– ‘Dadni’ involved giving advances (loans) to producers.
– It was used to secure the supply of goods, especially textiles.
– Primarily associated with European trade in Bengal.
– This system was common in the textile industry because production was often decentralized, and the Company needed a reliable way to obtain large quantities of finished cloth.
– It eventually led to the exploitation of weavers, as the terms of the advances often became coercive.

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12. The First Anglo-Maratha War was concluded by which one of the

The First Anglo-Maratha War was concluded by which one of the following?

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The Treaty of Surat
The Treaty of Purandar
The Convention of Wadgaon
The Treaty of Salbai
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2023
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The correct answer is D, The Treaty of Salbai.
The First Anglo-Maratha War, which began in 1775, lasted for seven years. Various treaties were signed during this period, including the Treaty of Surat (1775) and the Treaty of Purandar (1776), but none definitively ended the conflict. Following complex negotiations, the war was finally concluded by the Treaty of Salbai in May 1782, although it was ratified by the Peshwa only in February 1783. This treaty established a period of peace between the Marathas and the British for twenty years.
The Convention of Wadgaon (1779) was a significant event during the war where the British faced a severe defeat and had to sign humiliating terms, but the British authorities in Bengal repudiated the convention, and the war continued.

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13. Which European ruler had observed, “Bear in mind that the commerce of

Which European ruler had observed, “Bear in mind that the commerce of India is the commerce of the world … he who can exclusively command it is the dictator of Europe”?

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Queen Victoria
Peter the Great of Russia
Napoleon Bonaparte
Gustav II Adolf
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
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The observation about the importance of the commerce of India and its link to dominating Europe is attributed to Peter the Great of Russia.
Peter the Great, the Tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1725, was known for his expansionist policies and efforts to modernize Russia and increase its influence, including seeking access to warm-water ports and controlling vital trade routes.
This quote reflects Peter the Great’s understanding of the immense economic value of Indian trade, particularly spices, textiles, and other goods, and how control over this trade could confer significant political and economic power in Europe, where various European powers were competing fiercely for dominance in the East Indies trade.

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