2021

301. Which one of the following pairs of Deccan Sultanates and their respec

Which one of the following pairs of Deccan Sultanates and their respective regions is not correctly matched?

[amp_mcq option1=”Nizam Shahis : Bijapur” option2=”Barid Shahis : Bidar” option3=”Qutb Shahis : Golkonda” option4=”Imad Shahis : Berar” correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is (A) Nizam Shahis : Bijapur.
The Deccan Sultanates were five medieval kingdoms that emerged from the break-up of the Bahmani Sultanate. Their correct regions were:
– Nizam Shahis ruled the Sultanate of Ahmednagar.
– Adil Shahis ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur.
– Barid Shahis ruled the Sultanate of Bidar.
– Qutb Shahis ruled the Sultanate of Golkonda.
– Imad Shahis ruled the Sultanate of Berar.
Therefore, the pair Nizam Shahis : Bijapur is incorrectly matched.
These sultanates played a significant role in the political and cultural history of the Deccan region from the late 15th to the late 17th centuries. They eventually fell to the Mughal Empire.

302. Qutb Minar was originally four-storied. Who among the following Delhi

Qutb Minar was originally four-storied. Who among the following Delhi Sultans raised the height to the structure by adding the fifth storey?

[amp_mcq option1=”Balban” option2=”Alauddin Khalji” option3=”Muhammad Tughlaq” option4=”Firoz Shah Tughlaq” correct=”option4″]

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The correct answer is (D) Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
Construction of the Qutb Minar was initiated by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and largely completed by his successor, Iltutmish. The minar originally had four storeys. It was damaged by lightning in 1368. Firoz Shah Tughlaq, the Sultan of Delhi from the Tughlaq dynasty, undertook repairs to the damaged upper storeys and added a fifth storey, increasing the height of the structure. He replaced the damaged top (originally fourth) storey with two new smaller storeys made of marble and sandstone.
Later, Sikandar Lodi also carried out some repairs to the Qutb Minar in the early 16th century. The Qutb Minar complex is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

303. Consider the following statements: 1. The early Sikh Gurus were rel

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. The early Sikh Gurus were religious preachers and did not interfere in politics but Guru Arjan extended his good wishes for the rebel prince Khusrau.
  • 2. Guru Arjan attempted to organize the finances by introducing the system of more or less compulsory tribute’ to be collected by his agents called Masands.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is (C) Both 1 and 2.
Statement 1 is correct. The early Sikh Gurus primarily focused on spiritual and religious teachings. Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Guru, did extend blessings to Prince Khusrau when he rebelled against his father, Emperor Jahangir. This act was seen as supporting a rebel and contributed to Guru Arjan’s subsequent persecution and martyrdom by Jahangir.
Statement 2 is also correct. Guru Arjan Dev played a crucial role in organizing the Sikh community’s finances. He systematized the collection of Dasvandh (a tenth of one’s income), which Sikhs were encouraged to contribute. He appointed Masands (local representatives) in different areas to collect these contributions and forward them to the Guru. While initially a voluntary contribution, the system developed into a structured and expected form of collection, which some later described as ‘more or less compulsory tribute’.
The Masand system helped in unifying the community and funding the Guru’s activities, including building Gurdwaras and managing community kitchens (Langar). However, the system eventually suffered from corruption, leading Guru Gobind Singh (the tenth Guru) to abolish it.

304. Where is Asan Conservation Reserve located?

Where is Asan Conservation Reserve located?

[amp_mcq option1=”Himachal Pradesh” option2=”Uttarakhand” option3=”Sikkim” option4=”Arunachal Pradesh” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is (B) Uttarakhand.
Asan Conservation Reserve is located in Uttarakhand, near Dehradun. It is a wetland ecosystem situated at the confluence of the Asan and Yamuna rivers. It was declared India’s first Conservation Reserve under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves are categories introduced in the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act of 2002 to provide protection to areas adjoining National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries or areas linking one Protected Area with another. Asan Conservation Reserve is also a Ramsar Site, recognized as a Wetland of International Importance.

305. Which of the following main types of iron ores are found in India? 1

Which of the following main types of iron ores are found in India?

1. Haematite

2. Magnetite

3. Limonite

4. Siderite

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”2 and 4 only” option3=”1, 2 and 4″ option4=”1 and 3″ correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is (A) 1 and 2 only.
India possesses significant reserves of iron ore, primarily consisting of Haematite and Magnetite. Haematite is the most important iron ore in terms of quantity found in India, mainly in states like Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Karnataka. Magnetite is another important type, known for its high iron content, found in states like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. While Limonite and Siderite are also types of iron ore, their occurrence as economically viable and main types of deposits in India is less significant compared to Haematite and Magnetite.
Haematite is typically found in the Archaean system and Dharwarian formations. Magnetite ores are mainly found in the metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Dharwar and Cuddapah systems. India is one of the leading producers of iron ore globally.

306. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

List-I
(Fold Mountain)		List-II
(Country/Continent)
A. Ural1. South America
B. Appalachians2. South Africa
C. Drakensberg3. Russia
D. Andes4. North America

Code :

ABCD
(a)3241
(b)3421
(c)1423
(d)1243

[amp_mcq option1=”A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1″ option2=”A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1″ option3=”A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3″ option4=”A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3″ correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is (B) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1.
Matching the fold mountains to their respective countries/continents:
– Ural Mountains are located primarily in Russia and Kazakhstan, forming part of the boundary between Europe and Asia. Thus, A matches with 3 (Russia).
– The Appalachian Mountains are located in eastern North America, running primarily through the United States and Canada. Thus, B matches with 4 (North America).
– The Drakensberg Mountains are located in Southern Africa, mainly in South Africa and Lesotho. Thus, C matches with 2 (South Africa).
– The Andes Mountains are located along the western coast of South America. Thus, D matches with 1 (South America).
Fold mountains are formed when two or more of Earth’s tectonic plates are pushed together. At these converging boundaries, rocks and debris are warped and folded into mountain ranges. Major fold mountains include the Himalayas, Alps, Rockies, Andes, and Urals.

307. Which one of the following is not a type of chemical weathering?

Which one of the following is not a type of chemical weathering?

[amp_mcq option1=”Carbonation solution” option2=”Salt crystal growth” option3=”Hydrolysis” option4=”Oxidation” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is (B) Salt crystal growth.
Chemical weathering involves the decomposition of rocks and minerals through chemical reactions, such as hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, solution, and carbonation. Salt crystal growth, also known as salt weathering or crystallization, is a physical weathering process where salts dissolve in water, penetrate rock pores, and crystallize upon evaporation, exerting pressure that causes the rock to disintegrate.
Types of chemical weathering include:
– Carbonation: Reaction of carbonic acid (formed from CO2 dissolved in water) with minerals, especially carbonates.
– Solution: Minerals dissolving directly into water.
– Hydrolysis: Reaction between water molecules and rock-forming minerals, leading to decomposition.
– Oxidation: Reaction of minerals with oxygen, often involving iron-bearing minerals (rusting).
Types of physical weathering include freeze-thaw (frost wedging), exfoliation, thermal expansion/contraction, abrasion, biological activity (root wedging), and salt crystal growth.

308. On the basis of employment conditions, the economy is divided into

On the basis of employment conditions, the economy is divided into

[amp_mcq option1=”organized and unorganized sectors” option2=”private and public sectors” option3=”seasonal and disguised sectors” option4=”primary, secondary and tertiary sectors” correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is (A) organized and unorganized sectors.
On the basis of employment conditions, the economy is traditionally divided into the organized (or formal) sector and the unorganized (or informal) sector. This classification is based on factors such as regularity of employment, hours of work, wages, provision of social security benefits (like provident fund, gratuity, pension), and compliance with government rules and regulations.
Other classifications of the economy include:
– Private and public sectors: Based on ownership of assets and delivery of services.
– Seasonal and disguised sectors: These are not standard sector classifications but relate to types of employment/unemployment. Seasonal unemployment occurs in certain seasons (e.g., agriculture), and disguised unemployment refers to a situation where more people are employed than necessary.
– Primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors: Based on the nature of economic activity (extracting raw materials, manufacturing, services).

309. The sectoral shares of Gross Value Added (GVA) for the year 2009-10 to

The sectoral shares of Gross Value Added (GVA) for the year 2009-10 to 2018-19 show that the share of service sector in GVA in India has increased over the years. Which among the following have driven the maximum increase?

[amp_mcq option1=”Electricity, gas, water supply and other utility services” option2=”Trade, hotel, transport, communication and services related to broadcasting” option3=”Public administration, defence and other services” option4=”Financial, real estate and professional services” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is (B) Trade, hotel, transport, communication and services related to broadcasting.
Analysis of Gross Value Added (GVA) data for the services sector in India during the period 2009-10 to 2018-19 indicates that the sub-sector comprising ‘Trade, Hotels, Transport, Communication & Services related to broadcasting’ consistently contributed significantly to the overall growth and increased share of the services sector in the economy. While ‘Financial, real estate and professional services’ (Option D) also showed strong growth, the combined categories in option B often accounted for a larger portion of the absolute increase in GVA within the services sector during this specific decade, driven by expanding domestic consumption, improved connectivity, and infrastructure development.
The services sector is the largest sector of the Indian economy, contributing over 50% to the GVA. It is further divided into several sub-sectors. Understanding the performance and contribution of these sub-sectors is crucial for analyzing economic growth patterns. Other major sub-sectors include Public Administration, Defence and Other Services, and Construction.

310. For anything to be recognized as money, it needs to have which of the

For anything to be recognized as money, it needs to have which of the following characteristics?

  • 1. Act as an intermediate in the exchange process
  • 2. Standard unit for quoting prices
  • 3. Must be easily divisible
  • 4. Have higher value in alternative uses

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 4″ option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1, 2 and 3″ option4=”1, 3 and 4″ correct=”option3″]

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For anything to be recognized as money, it needs to act as an intermediate in the exchange process, be a standard unit for quoting prices, and must be easily divisible.
– The key functions of money are typically identified as:
1. Medium of Exchange: Facilitates transactions by acting as an intermediate. This is crucial for avoiding the inefficiencies of barter. (Characteristic 1 is correct).
2. Unit of Account: Provides a common measure of value, allowing prices of goods and services to be quoted and compared. (Characteristic 2 is correct).
3. Store of Value: Allows wealth to be held over time. (Not explicitly listed, but related to other characteristics).
– Desirable characteristics of a good medium of exchange include:
– Durability: Withstands physical wear and tear.
– Portability: Easily carried and transported.
– Divisibility: Can be divided into smaller units for transactions of varying values. (Characteristic 3 is desirable and generally necessary for efficient transactions).
– Uniformity: All units are the same.
– Limited Supply: Controls inflation.
– Acceptability: Widely accepted by people.
– Characteristic 4: “Have higher value in alternative uses” means the intrinsic value of the material used as money is high (e.g., gold, silver). This is a characteristic of commodity money. However, modern money (fiat money) does not typically have high value in alternative uses; its value as money is derived from trust and government decree. Therefore, this is not a necessary characteristic for something to be recognized as money in general.
– Based on the standard functions and desirable characteristics, 1, 2, and 3 are generally considered essential or important attributes of money.
While historically commodity money satisfied all these criteria, the evolution to representative money (like gold certificates) and then fiat money (backed only by trust and government power) shows that high intrinsic value (characteristic 4) is not a prerequisite for something to function effectively as money in modern economies. The primary functions (medium of exchange, unit of account) and practicality characteristics (divisibility, portability, durability) are key.
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