2021 Archives

261. On the occasion of the World Environment Day, 2021, which one of the f

On the occasion of the World Environment Day, 2021, which one of the following was declared as a National Park in India?

[amp_mcq option1=”Raimona” option2=”Orang” option3=”Dibru-Saikhowa” option4=”Nameri” correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is A) Raimona.

– On World Environment Day, June 5, 2021, the Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma, declared the Raimona Reserve Forest in the Kokrajhar district of Assam as the state’s 6th National Park.
– The notification was issued subsequently.

– Raimona is located in the Bodoland Territorial Region and is known for its biodiversity, including the Golden Langur, Asian elephant, and Bengal tiger.
– The other options (Orang, Dibru-Saikhowa, Nameri) were already existing National Parks in Assam prior to June 2021. Manas National Park was the 5th NP in Assam. The 7th National Park, Dihing Patkai, was declared later in June 2021.

262. E-100 pilot project, launched in Pune in June 2021, is related to the

E-100 pilot project, launched in Pune in June 2021, is related to the production and distribution of

[amp_mcq option1=”COVID vaccine” option2=”ethanol” option3=”electric vehicle” option4=”ethane” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is B) ethanol.

– The E-100 pilot project, launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on World Environment Day (June 5) in 2021, is part of India’s initiative to promote ethanol blending in petrol.
– The project aimed at setting up a network for the production and distribution of E-100 fuel, which is 100% ethanol, though the immediate goal was achieving 20% ethanol blending (E-20) by 2025.
– Pune was chosen as the launch city for this pilot project.

– Ethanol is a biofuel produced from sugarcane, corn, rice, and other agricultural residues.
– Promoting ethanol blending aims to reduce India’s dependence on imported crude oil, cut carbon emissions, and support the agricultural sector.

263. Volcano Mount Merapi, which erupted in January 2021, is situated in

Volcano Mount Merapi, which erupted in January 2021, is situated in

[amp_mcq option1=”Thailand” option2=”China” option3=”Indonesia” option4=”Maldives” correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is C) Indonesia.

– Mount Merapi is one of the most active stratovolcanoes in Indonesia.
– It is located on the border between the province of Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
– It erupted multiple times in January 2021, causing evacuations and concerns among local residents.

– Indonesia is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, making it one of the most volcanically active countries in the world.
– Mount Merapi has a history of frequent and dangerous eruptions.

264. Who among the following Bhakti saints did not belong to Nirguna Scho

Who among the following Bhakti saints did not belong to Nirguna School of Bhakti?

[amp_mcq option1=”Kabir” option2=”Nanak” option3=”Dadu” option4=”Chaitanya” correct=”option4″]

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The correct answer is D) Chaitanya.

– Bhakti saints are broadly classified into two schools: Nirguna (worshipping a formless God) and Saguna (worshipping God with form).
– Kabir, Guru Nanak (founder of Sikhism), and Dadu Dayal belonged to the Nirguna school, emphasizing a formless, omnipresent God and often criticizing idolatry and caste distinctions.
– Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) was a prominent saint of the Saguna school, specifically a devotee of Lord Krishna. He is credited with popularizing the Hare Krishna mantra and the Gaudiya Vaishnavism tradition.

– Saguna Bhakti focuses on the worship of specific deities (like Vishnu, Krishna, Rama, Shiva, or the Goddess) through idols, rituals, and devotional practices.
– Nirguna Bhakti emphasizes meditation on the formless aspect of the divine and often downplays external rituals.

265. Consider the following Jat peasant leaders of 17th and early 18th cent

Consider the following Jat peasant leaders of 17th and early 18th centuries :

1. Badan Singh
2. Raja Ram Jat
3. Gokula Jat
4. Churaman Jat

Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the above leaders?

[amp_mcq option1=”3-2-4-1″ option2=”1-2-3-4″ option3=”3-4-1-2″ option4=”2-3-1-4″ correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is A) 3-2-4-1.

– The chronological order of these Jat leaders is:
1. **Gokula Jat**: Led the first major Jat rebellion against Aurangzeb in 1669.
2. **Raja Ram Jat**: Active in the late 1680s, succeeding Gokula in leadership. He is known for raiding Akbar’s tomb in 1688.
3. **Churaman Jat**: A prominent leader in the early 18th century, consolidated Jat power and is considered the founder of the Jat state of Bharatpur. He died around 1721.
4. **Badan Singh**: Succeeded Churaman’s son and is credited with organizing the Jat state into a powerful entity. He ruled from the 1720s until his death in 1756.

– These leaders played crucial roles in the Jat uprisings against Mughal authority, eventually leading to the establishment of an independent Jat kingdom centered around Bharatpur.

267. Initially, what was the purpose of setting up of the hill stations dur

Initially, what was the purpose of setting up of the hill stations during the colonial period in India?

[amp_mcq option1=”To serve as winter capitals for the British” option2=”To serve the needs of the British army” option3=”To source timber from forests” option4=”To set up sanatoria” correct=”option4″]

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The correct answer is D) To set up sanatoria.

– During the colonial period, British officials and soldiers in India faced health challenges due to the tropical climate and diseases prevalent in the plains.
– Hill stations, with their cooler climates, were initially developed as sanatoria and health resorts where personnel could recuperate and escape the unhealthy conditions of the plains during the summer months.
– While they later evolved to serve various administrative, military, and recreational purposes, the primary *initial* purpose was related to health and well-being (sanatoria).

– Option A is incorrect; hill stations typically served as summer capitals (e.g., Simla for the Government of India), not winter capitals.
– Option B, serving the needs of the British army, is too broad, though sanatoria for military personnel were a significant part of this. Option D is more specific to the initial health-related purpose.
– Option C, sourcing timber, was an economic activity but not the primary reason for establishing hill stations themselves.

268. Consider the following statements : The growth of socialist tendency

Consider the following statements :

The growth of socialist tendency in the national movement led to the foundation of the Congress Socialist Party in 1934 under the leadership of Acharya Narendra Deva and Jayaprakash Narayan.
In 1936, Jawaharlal Nehru urged the Congress to accept socialism as its goal and to bring itself closer to the peasantry and the working class.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is C) Both 1 and 2.

– Statement 1 is correct. The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was founded in 1934 by prominent leaders like Acharya Narendra Deva, Jayaprakash Narayan, Minoo Masani, and S.M. Joshi, advocating for socialist ideas within the Indian National Congress.
– Statement 2 is correct. Jawaharlal Nehru had strong socialist convictions. He was a staunch advocate of socialism and used his platform, including his presidential addresses at Congress sessions (like the Lucknow session in 1936), to urge the Congress to embrace socialist goals and connect with the masses, particularly the peasants and workers.

– The CSP aimed to push the Congress towards more radical, pro-poor, and anti-imperialist policies.
– Nehru’s vision of socialism was influenced by Fabianism and Marxism, advocating for state control over key industries and a planned economy for poverty eradication and social justice.

269. Convection currents, which move the tectonic plates, are found in whic

Convection currents, which move the tectonic plates, are found in which layer of the earth?

[amp_mcq option1=”Crust” option2=”Mantle” option3=”Outer core” option4=”Inner core” correct=”option2″]

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The correct answer is B) Mantle.

– Convection currents are driven by heat differences and density variations within a fluid or semi-fluid medium.
– In the Earth’s interior, these currents occur in the mantle, which is primarily solid but behaves plastically over long geological timescales, particularly in the upper part called the asthenosphere.
– The convection in the mantle is the primary driving force behind the movement of the tectonic plates that make up the Earth’s crust.

– The crust is the rigid outermost layer and is moved by the underlying mantle convection.
– The outer core is liquid iron-nickel, but convection here is responsible for generating the Earth’s magnetic field, not directly driving plate tectonics.
– The inner core is solid and extremely hot, but its convection is not relevant to plate movement.

270. Which of the following factors are needed for the growth of corals?

Which of the following factors are needed for the growth of corals?

Freshwater
Clear shallow salt water
Plenty of sunlight for photo-synthesis
Warm water between 23 °C and 25 °C

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 3 and 4 only” option2=”2, 3 and 4 only” option3=”1 and 2 only” option4=”1, 2, 3 and 4″ correct=”option2″]

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The factors needed for the growth of corals are clear shallow salt water, plenty of sunlight for photo-synthesis, and warm water between 23 °C and 25 °C.

Coral reefs thrive in specific marine environments characterized by warm, clear, shallow saltwater and sufficient sunlight to support the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) living within the coral tissues.

Let’s evaluate each factor:
1. **Freshwater:** Corals are marine organisms and are highly sensitive to salinity changes. Freshwater input (e.g., from rivers) can be detrimental to coral health. Thus, freshwater is NOT needed.
2. **Clear shallow salt water:** Corals need saltwater. Shallow water allows sunlight penetration. Clear water is crucial because suspended sediment can block sunlight (harming zooxanthellae) and smother corals. This factor is essential.
3. **Plenty of sunlight for photo-synthesis:** Most reef-building corals have symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues. These algae perform photosynthesis and provide the coral with energy. Sufficient sunlight is necessary for this process. This factor is essential.
4. **Warm water between 23 °C and 25 °C:** Corals generally require warm water temperatures, typically between 20°C and 28°C. The range 23-25°C falls well within the optimal temperature zone for many coral species. Sustained temperatures outside this range (too hot or too cold) can cause stress and bleaching. This factor is essential.
Therefore, factors 2, 3, and 4 are needed for the growth of corals.