131. Which one among the following is the largest land-locked country in te

Which one among the following is the largest land-locked country in terms of geographical area ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Mongolia” option2=”Kazakhstan” option3=”Afghanistan” option4=”Bolivia” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the world by geographical area.
– Landlocked countries are countries that do not have direct access to a sea or ocean.
– Kazakhstan’s area is approximately 2,724,900 square kilometers.
Mongolia is the second largest landlocked country. Afghanistan and Bolivia are also large landlocked countries but are significantly smaller than Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Other large landlocked countries include Chad, Niger, Mali, Ethiopia, Zambia, and Uzbekistan.

132. Neyveli, Singareni, Korba and Singrauli are mines, which produce

Neyveli, Singareni, Korba and Singrauli are mines, which produce

[amp_mcq option1=”Mica.” option2=”Iron ore.” option3=”Bauxite.” option4=”Coal.” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is Coal.
The locations listed are major coal mining areas in India:
– Neyveli (Tamil Nadu): Famous for its large deposits of lignite coal and the associated thermal power plant.
– Singareni (Telangana): The Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) is one of the largest coal mining companies in India, operating mines in Telangana.
– Korba (Chhattisgarh): A major coal-producing region and the location of large thermal power plants.
– Singrauli (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh): Known as the “Energy Capital of India” due to its vast coal reserves and numerous super thermal power stations based on coal.

These locations are not primarily known for large-scale mining of Mica, Iron ore, or Bauxite, although these minerals are mined elsewhere in India.

Coal is a critical energy resource for India, powering a majority of its electricity generation through thermal power plants. India is one of the largest producers and consumers of coal globally. Key coalfields are concentrated in states like Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh, as well as lignite deposits in Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan.

133. Lake Great Bitter is the part of

Lake Great Bitter is the part of

[amp_mcq option1=”Panama Canal.” option2=”Grand Canal.” option3=”Suez Canal.” option4=”Soo Canal.” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is Suez Canal.
The Great Bitter Lake is a large salt lake situated in Egypt and connected by channels to the Suez Canal. The canal passes through the Great Bitter Lake and the Little Bitter Lake, utilizing these natural depressions as part of its route. These lakes significantly reduced the amount of digging required to construct the canal.
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. It provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Great Bitter Lake also serves as a waiting area for ships transiting the canal in convoys.

134. In which one of the following rivers is the Majuli river island situat

In which one of the following rivers is the Majuli river island situated ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Ganga” option2=”Godavari” option3=”Brahmaputra” option4=”Kaveri” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is Brahmaputra.
Majuli is a large river island located in the Brahmaputra River in Assam, India. It was the world’s largest river island for a period, though its size has decreased significantly due to erosion. The island is formed by the Brahmaputra river in the south and the Kherkutia Suti, an anabranch of the Brahmaputra, joined by the Subansiri River in the north.
Majuli is culturally significant as the hub of Assamese neo-Vaishnavite culture, with numerous Satras (monasteries) located there. The island faces severe environmental challenges, primarily riverbank erosion, which has led to a substantial reduction in its area over the past few decades. Efforts are ongoing for its conservation.

135. Which one among the following is the place of confluence of the rivers

Which one among the following is the place of confluence of the rivers Alaknanda and Bhagirathi ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Vishnuprayag” option2=”Karnaprayag” option3=”Devprayag” option4=”Rudraprayag” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is Devprayag.
Devprayag is one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of the Alaknanda River. It is the confluence point where the Alaknanda River meets the Bhagirathi River. This confluence marks the point where the river officially gets the name “Ganga”.
– Vishnuprayag: Confluence of Alaknanda and Dhauliganga.
– Karnaprayag: Confluence of Alaknanda and Pindar.
– Rudraprayag: Confluence of Alaknanda and Mandakini.
– Devprayag: Confluence of Alaknanda and Bhagirathi.
The Panch Prayag are significant pilgrimage sites located along the Alaknanda River in Uttarakhand, India. These confluences are considered holy in Hinduism, marking key points in the journey of the Alaknanda before it merges with the Bhagirathi to form the main stem of the Ganges River.

136. Which one among the following is the northernmost located city of Indi

Which one among the following is the northernmost located city of India ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Patna” option2=”Kolkata” option3=”Guwahati” option4=”Kohima” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is Guwahati.
To determine the northernmost city among the given options, we need to compare their latitudes. Approximate latitudes are:
– Patna (Bihar): ~25.5° N
– Kolkata (West Bengal): ~22.6° N
– Guwahati (Assam): ~26.2° N
– Kohima (Nagaland): ~25.6° N

Comparing these values, Guwahati has the highest latitude (approximately 26.2° N), making it the northernmost city among the given options.

Latitudinal comparison is a standard method for determining the relative north-south position of places. It’s useful to have a general idea of the geographical location and approximate latitudes of major Indian cities, especially those mentioned frequently in geographical context.

137. The idea of Ecological Succession was first formally coined by

The idea of Ecological Succession was first formally coined by

[amp_mcq option1=”Charles Darwin.” option2=”Clements.” option3=”Sir A. Tansley.” option4=”Emberlin.” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is Clements.
Frederic Clements is widely credited with formulating the first comprehensive theory of ecological succession in the early 20th century. He developed the concept of succession as a directional process leading to a stable climax community, influenced by climate. His monograph “Plant Succession: An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation” (1916) was foundational in this field.

A) Charles Darwin’s work focused on evolution by natural selection, not specifically ecological succession.
C) Sir A. Tansley coined the term “ecosystem” but is not primarily credited with coining the idea of ecological succession itself, although he contributed to ecological thought.
D) Emberlin is not a figure widely recognized for coining the initial formal idea of ecological succession compared to Clements.

Clements’ monoclimax theory of succession was later challenged by other ecologists like Henry Gleason (individualistic concept) and Robert Whittaker (polyclimax theory), who proposed more complex and less deterministic views of vegetation change. However, Clements’ work laid the groundwork for the formal study of ecological succession.

138. Which one among the following is the most important reason for female

Which one among the following is the most important reason for female migration in India ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Work/Employment” option2=”Marriage” option3=”Education” option4=”Business” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is Marriage.
Based on census data and various demographic studies in India, marriage is the predominant reason for female migration. Social and cultural norms often lead women to move to their husband’s residence or village after marriage.
While work/employment is a significant driver for male migration, it is a less frequent primary reason for female migration compared to marriage, especially in rural-to-rural migration streams which constitute a large portion of internal migration in India. Education and business are also reasons for migration but are less significant in overall numbers for female migration compared to marriage.
The 2011 Census of India data indicates that marriage accounted for the largest share (about 66%) of female migration in the country. Work/employment was the reason for only about 2% of female migrants. This pattern highlights the strong influence of social factors on migration decisions for women in India.

139. Which one of the following is a characteristic feature of Market Garde

Which one of the following is a characteristic feature of Market Gardening ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Farms are of very large size.” option2=”Netherlands is an example of Market Gardening.” option3=”It is well-developed in sparsely populated areas of North-West Europe.” option4=”This is practised in the areas where consumers of low income group are located.” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is Netherlands is an example of Market Gardening.
Market gardening is a form of commercial horticulture that involves intensive cultivation of high-value crops (vegetables, fruits, flowers) on relatively small parcels of land, usually close to urban centers or markets. Key characteristics include:
– Small to medium-sized farms.
– Intensive farming practices (high labour and capital inputs per unit area).
– Focus on perishable or high-value crops.
– Proximity to markets for quick transport of produce.
– Dependence on efficient transportation and communication networks.

Let’s analyze the options:
A) Farms are typically small or medium-sized, not very large, to facilitate intensive cultivation and proximity to markets.
B) The Netherlands is renowned for its highly intensive and technologically advanced horticulture, including greenhouse production of vegetables, flowers, and plants, largely catering to both domestic and international markets. This is a classic example of market gardening (though often referred to more broadly as horticulture).
C) It is well-developed in areas near markets, which are typically densely populated urban centers, not sparsely populated areas.
D) Market gardening focuses on supplying consumers, typically in urban areas, who have the purchasing power to buy relatively higher-cost fresh produce. It’s not primarily targeted at low-income consumers.

Market gardening is often associated with truck farming in North America, where produce is transported by truck over relatively short distances to urban markets. Other regions known for significant market gardening include parts of Western Europe, coastal California, and areas surrounding major cities worldwide. The success of market gardening depends heavily on access to reliable transportation, labour, and capital, as well as market demand for fresh produce.

140. Consider a square of side length 2 m. What is the difference of the ar

Consider a square of side length 2 m. What is the difference of the areas of the circumscribed circle and the inscribed circle (in m²) ?

[amp_mcq option1=”3π/2″ option2=”π/2″ option3=”2π” option4=”π” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is π.
Let the side length of the square be s = 2 m.
The inscribed circle is tangent to all four sides of the square. Its diameter is equal to the side length of the square.
Radius of the inscribed circle (r_in) = s/2 = 2/2 = 1 m.
Area of the inscribed circle = π * (r_in)² = π * (1)² = π m².

The circumscribed circle passes through all four vertices of the square. Its diameter is equal to the length of the diagonal of the square.
Diagonal of the square = s * √2 = 2 * √2 m.
Radius of the circumscribed circle (r_circum) = (diagonal)/2 = (2√2)/2 = √2 m.
Area of the circumscribed circle = π * (r_circum)² = π * (√2)² = π * 2 = 2π m².

The difference of the areas = Area of circumscribed circle – Area of inscribed circle
Difference = 2π m² – π m² = π m².

For a square of side ‘s’, the radius of the inscribed circle is s/2, and the radius of the circumscribed circle is (s√2)/2 = s/√2. The ratio of the radii is (s/√2) / (s/2) = √2, and the ratio of the areas is (Area_circum / Area_in) = (π * (s/√2)²) / (π * (s/2)²) = (s²/2) / (s²/4) = 2. The area of the circumscribed circle is always twice the area of the inscribed circle for any square.