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111. An electric generator primarily converts

An electric generator primarily converts

[amp_mcq option1=”electrical energy to heat energy.” option2=”electrical energy to sound energy.” option3=”electrical energy to mechanical energy.” option4=”mechanical energy to electrical energy.” correct=”option4″]

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An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field induces an electric current.

Generators transform mechanical work (like rotation) into electrical output.
Electric motors perform the opposite function, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Examples of mechanical energy sources for generators include turbines driven by steam, water, wind, or internal combustion engines. The induced voltage and current can then be used to power electrical devices.

112. The equipment used to measure the electrical current in a closed circu

The equipment used to measure the electrical current in a closed circuit is

[amp_mcq option1=”Galvanometer.” option2=”Ammeter.” option3=”Voltmeter.” option4=”Compass needle.” correct=”option2″]

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An ammeter is the standard instrument used to measure the electric current flowing through a circuit. It is connected in series with the component through which the current is to be measured.

– An ammeter measures electric current.
– It must be connected in series in a circuit.
– A voltmeter measures voltage (potential difference).
– A galvanometer detects small currents and their direction.

Ammeter is derived from “ampere meter,” as current is measured in amperes (A). Ideal ammeters have very low internal resistance so as not to significantly affect the current they are measuring. Galvanometers can be used as components to build ammeters and voltmeters with appropriate shunts or series resistances.

113. A 100 W electric bulb is used for 8 hrs/day. What would be the units o

A 100 W electric bulb is used for 8 hrs/day. What would be the units of energy consumed in the month of April ?

[amp_mcq option1=”24 units” option2=”16 units” option3=”8 units” option4=”0·8 units” correct=”option1″]

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To calculate the energy consumed, we use the formula: Energy = Power × Time.
Power = 100 W = 0.1 kW (kilowatt).
The bulb is used for 8 hours per day.
The month of April has 30 days.
Total usage time in April = 8 hours/day × 30 days = 240 hours.
Energy consumed in kWh = Power (kW) × Total time (hours) = 0.1 kW × 240 hours = 24 kWh.
One unit of electrical energy is equivalent to 1 kWh.
Therefore, the energy consumed is 24 units.

– Convert power from Watts to Kilowatts (1 kW = 1000 W).
– Calculate the total usage time in hours for the month.
– Use the formula: Energy (kWh) = Power (kW) × Time (hours).
– 1 unit of energy = 1 kWh.

Electrical energy consumption is typically measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) by electricity meters. This unit is often referred to as a “unit” in common parlance for billing purposes.

114. Which one of the following statements is correct?

Which one of the following statements is correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”Weight of an object may vary from place to place but its mass remains constant.” option2=”Mass of an object may vary from place to place but its weight remains constant.” option3=”Both weight and mass of an object do not vary from place to place.” option4=”Both weight and mass of an object vary from place to place.” correct=”option1″]

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Mass is an intrinsic property of an object, representing the amount of matter it contains. It remains constant regardless of location. Weight, on the other hand, is the force exerted on an object due to gravity (Weight = Mass x gravitational acceleration). Since gravitational acceleration varies slightly depending on altitude, latitude, and local geological features, and significantly on different celestial bodies, the weight of an object can vary from place to place, while its mass remains constant.

– Mass is the amount of matter; it is constant.
– Weight is the force of gravity (mass x gravity); it varies with gravity.
– Gravitational acceleration varies from place to place.

On the surface of the Earth, the variation in gravitational acceleration is small, so the variation in weight is also relatively small. However, the distinction between mass and weight is fundamental in physics. On the Moon, an object has the same mass as on Earth but weighs significantly less because the Moon’s gravity is weaker.

115. In Jainism, which one of the following does not form part of tri-ratna

In Jainism, which one of the following does not form part of tri-ratna ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Samyak panch-mahavrata” option2=”Samyak jnana” option3=”Samyak charitra” option4=”Samyak darshana” correct=”option1″]

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In Jainism, the path to liberation is guided by the Three Jewels (Tri-ratna): Samyak Darshana (Right Faith or Perception), Samyak Jnana (Right Knowledge), and Samyak Charitra (Right Conduct). The Panch Mahavratas (five great vows – non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-possession) are integral to Samyak Charitra but are not considered a separate ‘jewel’.

– The Tri-ratna (Three Jewels) of Jainism are Samyak Darshana, Samyak Jnana, and Samyak Charitra.
– These three are essential for liberation (moksha).
– The Panch Mahavratas are part of Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra).

Samyak Darshana involves having a correct understanding of the fundamental truths of Jainism. Samyak Jnana means having clear and accurate knowledge of the universe as taught by the Tirthankaras. Samyak Charitra refers to the observance of ethical rules and vows (like the Mahavratas) that lead to liberation.

116. Gandhiji’s first great experiment in Satyagraha was at

Gandhiji’s first great experiment in Satyagraha was at

[amp_mcq option1=”Champaran.” option2=”Ahmedabad Mill Strike.” option3=”Kheda Satyagraha.” option4=”Satyagraha against Rowlatt Act.” correct=”option1″]

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While Mahatma Gandhi had developed the technique of Satyagraha in South Africa, his first major application of it in India after his return in 1915 was the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917. He championed the cause of the indigo cultivators against the oppressive practices of the British planters.

– Satyagraha was first developed by Gandhi in South Africa.
– Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 was his first major use of Satyagraha in India.
– It was a movement against exploitative indigo cultivation practices.

The success of the Champaran Satyagraha established Gandhi as a leader in India and provided him with experience in mass mobilization and non-violent resistance on Indian soil. The Ahmedabad Mill Strike and Kheda Satyagraha followed in 1918.

117. The first session of the Indian National Congress was presided over by

The first session of the Indian National Congress was presided over by

[amp_mcq option1=”A.O. Hume.” option2=”W.C. Bonnerjee.” option3=”Dadabhai Naoroji.” option4=”Surendranath Banerjee.” correct=”option2″]

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The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay from 28th to 31st December 1885. The session was presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee (W.C. Bonnerjee), a prominent lawyer from Calcutta.

– The INC was founded in 1885.
– The first session took place in Bombay.
– W.C. Bonnerjee was elected as the president for the first session.
– A.O. Hume was the founder of the INC.

The first session was attended by 72 delegates from different parts of India. The initial aims of the INC included uniting Indians on a common political platform, discussing pressing social problems, and formulating demands for political reforms.

118. Who among the following introduced the policy of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ ?

Who among the following introduced the policy of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Lord Cornwallis” option2=”Lord Wellesley” option3=”Lord Hastings” option4=”Lord Dalhousie” correct=”option4″]

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The policy of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ was a controversial annexation policy widely implemented by Lord Dalhousie, who served as the Governor-General of British India from 1848 to 1856. According to this doctrine, if a princely state’s ruler died without a natural male heir, the state would be annexed by the British East India Company.

– The Doctrine of Lapse was a British annexation policy in India.
– It was primarily associated with Lord Dalhousie.
– States like Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur, and Jhansi were annexed under this doctrine.

The doctrine was based on the principle that the right to rule lapsed to the paramount power (the British East India Company) in the absence of a natural heir. It caused significant resentment among Indian rulers and was one of the factors contributing to the Revolt of 1857.

119. Kushanas were the descendants of which of the following Central Asian

Kushanas were the descendants of which of the following Central Asian Tribes ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Hiung-nu” option2=”Wu-Sun” option3=”Little Yueh-Chi” option4=”Great Yueh-Chi” correct=”option4″]

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The Kushanas were one of the five major tribes that constituted the Yueh-Chi confederation. After being driven westward from China by the Xiongnu, the Yueh-Chi settled in Bactria. The Kushana branch of the Great Yueh-Chi rose to prominence and founded the Kushana Empire.

– The Kushanas were a part of the Yueh-Chi confederation.
– They migrated westward from China.
– They belonged to the Great Yueh-Chi branch, distinct from the Little Yueh-Chi.

The Great Yueh-Chi conquered the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and later expanded into northern India, establishing a vast empire that flourished from the 1st to the 3rd centuries CE. Famous Kushana rulers include Kanishka.

120. According to Jaina tradition, who was the first Jain Tirthankara ?

According to Jaina tradition, who was the first Jain Tirthankara ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Rishabhadeva” option2=”Neminatha” option3=”Parshvanatha” option4=”Vardhaman” correct=”option1″]

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According to Jain tradition, Rishabhadeva (also known as Adinatha) was the first of the 24 Tirthankaras. He is considered the founder of Jainism in the present cosmic age (avasarpini).

– Jainism believes in a succession of 24 Tirthankaras.
– Rishabhadeva is the first Tirthankara.
– Mahavira (Vardhamana) is the 24th and last Tirthankara.

The Tirthankaras are spiritual teachers who have conquered the cycle of death and rebirth and provide a path for others to follow. While Rishabhadeva is considered the first, historical evidence for Jainism is more firmly established from the time of the 23rd Tirthankara, Parshvanatha, and the 24th, Mahavira.