2021

91. The Vice President of India shall be elected by the electoral college

The Vice President of India shall be elected by the electoral college consisting of the members of

[amp_mcq option1=”Lok Sabha.” option2=”Rajya Sabha.” option3=”Both Houses of Parliament.” option4=”Both Houses with the support of State Legislatures.” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
The correct answer is C) Both Houses of Parliament.
Article 66(1) of the Constitution of India specifies that the Vice President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting at such election shall be by secret ballot.
The electoral college for the Vice President’s election is different from that for the President’s election. The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry. Notably, nominated members of Parliament and members of State Legislative Councils are not part of the electoral college for either election. However, all members (elected and nominated) of both Houses of Parliament participate in the Vice President’s election.

92. Who among the following was the Chairperson of the Fifteenth Finance C

Who among the following was the Chairperson of the Fifteenth Finance Commission ?

[amp_mcq option1=”A.N. Jha” option2=”N.K. Singh” option3=”Anoop Singh” option4=”Ashok Lahiri” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
The Fifteenth Finance Commission (XV-FC) was constituted by the President of India under Article 280 of the Constitution. Mr. N.K. Singh (Nand Kishore Singh), a former Member of Parliament and retired IAS officer, was appointed as the Chairman of the Commission.
The Finance Commission is a constitutional body that recommends the division of tax revenues between the Union and the States, and among the States themselves, based on established criteria. It also suggests principles for grants-in-aid to States from the Consolidated Fund of India. The recommendations of the XV-FC covered the period from 2020-21 to 2025-26.
The XV-FC was initially mandated to submit recommendations for the period 2020-2025 but was later given an extended term and submitted two reports: a report for 2020-21 and a final report for 2021-2026. Other members of the commission included Ajay Narayan Jha (former Finance Secretary), Anoop Singh, Ashok Lahiri, and Ramesh Chand. Shaktikanta Das was also a member initially but resigned later.

93. Who among the following has/have coined the term ‘Bullock Capitalists’

Who among the following has/have coined the term ‘Bullock Capitalists’ ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Lloyd Rudolph and Susanne Rudolph” option2=”Mary Fainsod” option3=”Andre Gunder Frank” option4=”Karl Marx” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
The term ‘Bullock Capitalists’ was coined by political scientists Lloyd Rudolph and Susanne Rudolph. They used this term to describe a class of dominant farmers in India who emerged as a significant political and economic force, particularly after the Green Revolution. These farmers possessed considerable landholdings, invested in modern agricultural technology, and wielded political influence.
The term reflects the transition from traditional agrarian practices (symbolized by the bullock) to more modern, capital-intensive farming (capitalism), highlighting the hybrid nature of this class. The Rudolphs’ work on the political economy of India often analyzed the social and political consequences of economic changes and the structure of power.
Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph were American scholars specializing in South Asian studies. Their notable works include “The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India” and “In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian State.” The concept of ‘Bullock Capitalists’ is part of their analysis of the changing rural power structure and its impact on Indian politics.

94. Sarkaria Commission was appointed to look into

Sarkaria Commission was appointed to look into

[amp_mcq option1=”Centre-State Relations.” option2=”Electoral Reforms.” option3=”Judicial Reforms.” option4=”Political Reforms.” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
The Sarkaria Commission was a commission set up by the Central Government of India in 1983. Its mandate was to examine the relationship and balance of power between the centre and state governments in the country and recommend changes within the framework of the Constitution. The commission was chaired by Justice R.S. Sarkaria, a retired judge of the Supreme Court of India.
The commission submitted its report in 1987, making 247 recommendations to improve Centre-State relations. Many of these recommendations focused on areas such as legislative relations, administrative relations, financial relations, and the role of the Governor. While not all recommendations were implemented, the report remains a significant document in the study of Indian federalism.
The commission’s report emphasized the need for stronger cooperative federalism and made suggestions regarding the Inter-State Council, the appointment and role of Governors, the use of Article 356 (President’s Rule), and the financial devolution between the Centre and States. Subsequent commissions like the Punchhi Commission (2007) also examined Centre-State relations, building upon the work of Sarkaria.

95. Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in

Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in

[amp_mcq option1=”E. coli” option2=”Amoeba” option3=”Plasmodium” option4=”Yeast” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. Yeast, a type of fungus, commonly reproduces asexually by budding. A small bud emerges from the parent cell, grows, and eventually separates to form a new individual.
Other examples of organisms that reproduce by budding include Hydra (an animal) and sponges. E. coli and Amoeba reproduce by binary fission, where the parent cell divides into two equal daughter cells. Plasmodium, the parasite causing malaria, reproduces asexually by multiple fission (schizogony) within host cells.
Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the single parent. Besides budding and binary fission, other modes of asexual reproduction include fragmentation, regeneration, spore formation, and vegetative propagation in plants.

96. In plants, Xylems are responsible for transport of

In plants, Xylems are responsible for transport of

[amp_mcq option1=”amino acids.” option2=”food.” option3=”oxygen.” option4=”water.” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants (the other being phloem). The primary function of xylem is to transport water and some dissolved nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant and also provides structural support.
Xylem tissue consists of tracheary elements (tracheids and vessel elements), which are dead cells that form continuous tubes for water transport, along with parenchyma cells, fibers, and sometimes sclereids. The movement of water in xylem is primarily driven by transpiration pull, evaporation of water from leaves.
Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars (food produced during photosynthesis, primarily sucrose) from the leaves to other parts of the plant where they are needed for growth or storage. Amino acids are also transported in the phloem. Oxygen is obtained by plants directly from the atmosphere through stomata and lenticels for cellular respiration.

97. In a mammalian cell, the protein is synthesized by

In a mammalian cell, the protein is synthesized by

[amp_mcq option1=”Ribosome.” option2=”Golgi.” option3=”Lysosome.” option4=”Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
Ribosomes are small organelles found in the cytoplasm of all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), as well as attached to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. They are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis, a process called translation, where messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to build a protein chain.
Protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to protein). Translation occurs on ribosomes. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins and consist of two subunits, a large one and a small one, which come together during translation.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for digesting waste materials and cellular debris. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage, but not protein synthesis (which occurs on rough ER due to attached ribosomes, or free in the cytoplasm).

98. The tissue which is responsible for movement in our body is

The tissue which is responsible for movement in our body is

[amp_mcq option1=”Connective tissue.” option2=”Muscular tissue.” option3=”Nervous tissue.” option4=”Epithelial tissue.” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
Muscular tissue is a type of animal tissue that is specialized for contraction. This contraction ability allows for movement of the body or parts of the body, as well as the movement of substances within the body (e.g., blood in vessels, food in the digestive tract).
There are three main types of muscular tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements of the limbs and body. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, responsible for involuntary movements. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood. All are specialized for contraction to produce movement.
Connective tissue provides support and structure. Nervous tissue transmits electrical signals for communication and control. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities, providing protection, secretion, and absorption. While these tissues interact with muscular tissue, the primary responsibility for generating movement lies with muscular tissue.

99. Which one among the following animals can perform respiration either t

Which one among the following animals can perform respiration either through gills or through lungs ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Fish” option2=”Frog” option3=”Snake” option4=”Cow” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
Amphibians, like frogs, typically undergo metamorphosis. Their larval stage (tadpole) is usually aquatic and respires through gills. The adult stage is often terrestrial or semi-aquatic and respires primarily through lungs and also through their moist skin. Fish respire only through gills. Snakes (reptiles) and Cows (mammals) respire only through lungs.
Respiration is the process of gas exchange (oxygen intake and carbon dioxide release). Different animals have evolved various respiratory organs depending on their environment. Gills are specialized structures for extracting oxygen from water, while lungs are adapted for gas exchange in air. Amphibians exhibit a dual mode of respiration, reflecting their transition from aquatic to terrestrial life.
The ability to respire through both gills and lungs is characteristic of the life cycle of many amphibians. Besides gills and lungs, cutaneous respiration (through the skin) is also significant in adult frogs, contributing substantially to their overall gas exchange, especially when submerged.

100. Which one of the following is a plant hormone ?

Which one of the following is a plant hormone ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Oestrogen” option2=”Cytokinin” option3=”Insulin” option4=”Thyroxin” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
Cytokinin is one of the major classes of plant hormones. Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signaling molecules produced within plants that occur in extremely low concentrations. Hormones regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. Oestrogen, Insulin, and Thyroxin are animal hormones.
Cytokinins are a group of plant hormones that promote cell division (cytokinesis) in plant roots and shoots. They are involved in various processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apical dominance, and delaying senescence (aging) of leaves.
Major classes of plant hormones include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene. These hormones interact with each other in complex ways to regulate plant development. Oestrogen is a primary female sex hormone in animals. Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels in animals. Thyroxin is a thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland in animals that regulates metabolism.
Page 1Page 2Page 3Page 4Page 5