2018

251. Which one among the following statements is not correct?

Which one among the following statements is not correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”Johannes Kepler proved that the path of each planet around the Sun is elliptical with the Sun at its focus.” option2=”The first successful attempt to establish the size of the Earth is credited to Eratosthenes.” option3=”The first Greek to profess a Sun-centred or Heliocentric Universe was Sir Isaac Newton.” option4=”The famous astronomical book Almagest was compiled by Ptolemy.” correct=”option3″]

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The correct option is C) The first Greek to profess a Sun-centred or Heliocentric Universe was Sir Isaac Newton.
Statement A is correct. Johannes Kepler formulated his laws of planetary motion in the early 17th century, including the first law stating that planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths with the Sun at one focus.
Statement B is correct. Eratosthenes of Cyrene, a Greek scholar in the 3rd century BC, is famous for making the first relatively accurate calculation of the Earth’s circumference using geometry and astronomical observations.
Statement C is incorrect. The first known Greek astronomer to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system was Aristarchus of Samos in the 3rd century BC, predating Kepler and Newton by over a thousand years. Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) was a British physicist and mathematician, not Greek, and his work explained *why* planetary orbits are elliptical (gravity), building upon Kepler’s descriptive laws.
Statement D is correct. The Almagest is the 2nd-century AD astronomical treatise by Claudius Ptolemy, which presented a detailed geocentric model of the universe that remained the standard view for centuries.
Aristarchus’s heliocentric model was not widely accepted in antiquity, with the geocentric model of Aristotle and later Ptolemy dominating astronomical thought until the Copernican revolution in the 16th century.

252. Which one of the following pairs of glaciers and locations is not corr

Which one of the following pairs of glaciers and locations is not correctly matched?

[amp_mcq option1=”Nubra Valley – Jammu and Kashmir” option2=”Milam Glacier – Uttarakhand” option3=”Bhaga Valley – Himachal Pradesh” option4=”Zemu Glacier – Arunachal Pradesh” correct=”option4″]

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The correct option is D) Zemu Glacier – Arunachal Pradesh.
Statement A is correct. Nubra Valley is located in Ladakh (formerly part of Jammu and Kashmir). Significant glaciers like Siachen are in this region.
Statement B is correct. Milam Glacier is located in the Kumaon Himalayas in Uttarakhand.
Statement C is correct. The Bhaga Valley is part of the Lahaul region in Himachal Pradesh, a glaciated area that forms one of the headwaters of the Chandrabhaga (Chenab) river.
Statement D is incorrect. The Zemu Glacier is located in Sikkim, India, on the eastern face of Kangchenjunga. It is the largest glacier in the Eastern Himalayas and is the source of the Teesta River. It is not located in Arunachal Pradesh.
Glaciers in the Himalayas are important sources of water for major river systems in India and surrounding countries. Knowing the location of major glaciers is relevant for understanding regional geography and environmental issues.

253. Which of the following is/are the objective(s) of the Rashtriya Uchcha

Which of the following is/are the objective(s) of the Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) ?

  • It creates an enabling atmosphere in the higher educational institutions and ensures capacity building at all levels of employment.
  • It ensures reforms in the affiliation, academic and examination systems.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

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The correct option is C) Both 1 and 2.
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) is a flagship scheme of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education) aimed at providing strategic funding to eligible state higher educational institutions.
Statement 1 is correct. A key objective of RUSA is to improve the overall quality of state institutions by ensuring adequate infrastructure, promoting research and innovation, and enhancing the skills and capabilities of faculty and staff (capacity building).
Statement 2 is correct. RUSA also aims to improve the governance structure and systems of higher education institutions, which includes facilitating reforms in processes like affiliation of colleges to universities, academic curriculum development, and examination systems to improve efficiency and relevance.
Other objectives of RUSA include improving equity in higher education, ensuring adequate availability of quality faculty, and creating a more conducive environment for learning and research.

254. Which one of the following is the largest component of the soil system

Which one of the following is the largest component of the soil system ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Living organisms” option2=”Mineral matters” option3=”Soil solution” option4=”Soil organic matter” correct=”option2″]

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The correct option is B) Mineral matters.
In a typical mineral soil composition by volume, mineral particles (sand, silt, clay) constitute the largest proportion, usually around 45-50%. Soil solution (water) and soil air each occupy roughly 20-30% of the volume, depending on moisture content. Soil organic matter makes up a much smaller percentage, typically around 5% or less in mineral soils, while living organisms are present in very small quantities compared to the total volume.
The relative proportions of these components can vary greatly depending on the soil type, location, and conditions, but mineral matter is generally the dominant component in terms of volume and mass.

255. Which of the following statements about the Ashokan pillars is/are not

Which of the following statements about the Ashokan pillars is/are not correct ?

  • The 14th century Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi makes reference to the Ashokan pillars.
  • The writer Shams Siraj Afif gives an account of the Ashokan pillars known as Delhi-Topra and Delhi-Meerut.
  • There are instances of the Ashokan pillars or their fragments being worshipped as Shiv Lingas.
  • The Ashokan pillars were produced in gold, iron and bronze.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”2, 3 and 4 only” option4=”4 only” correct=”option4″]

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The correct option is D) 4 only.
The question asks for statements that are *not* correct.
Statement 1 is correct. Medieval texts, including accounts from the Sultanate period like the Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi, do indeed mention Ashokan pillars, particularly in the context of Firuz Shah Tughlaq’s efforts to relocate them.
Statement 2 is correct. Shams Siraj Afif, the author whose work is included in the Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi, provides accounts of Firuz Shah Tughlaq moving two Ashokan pillars from Topra and Meerut to Delhi. These are historically known as the Delhi-Topra and Delhi-Meerut pillars.
Statement 3 is correct. There are historical and anecdotal accounts of ancient pillars or their fragments being found in various locations and, over time, being incorporated into local religious practices, sometimes identified with or worshipped as Shiv Lingas.
Statement 4 is incorrect. Ashokan pillars were characteristically monolithic structures carved from polished sandstone, typically sourced from quarries like Chunar. They were not made of gold, iron, or bronze.
The material used for Ashokan pillars (sandstone) and their construction technique (monolithic) are key features distinguishing them. The polished surface finish is another hallmark.

256. Which of the following statements about the founding of the Indian Nat

Which of the following statements about the founding of the Indian National Congress is/are correct ?

  • It was supported by A.O. Hume who was a political liberal.
  • It was based on similar associations in South-East Asia.
  • It was initially supported by Indian elites who had access to Western education and English.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1 and 3 only” correct=”option4″]

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The correct option is D) 1 and 3 only.
Statement 1 is correct. A.O. Hume, a retired British Indian Civil Service officer who held liberal views, played a crucial role in the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. He is often credited with initiating the idea and bringing together the early leaders.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Indian National Congress was primarily modelled after liberal political associations and debating societies in Britain, not on similar associations in South-East Asia.
Statement 3 is correct. The initial leadership and membership of the INC were predominantly drawn from Western-educated Indian elites – lawyers, journalists, teachers, landlords, and merchants – who were proficient in English and familiar with Western political thought.
The founding of the INC is sometimes referred to as the ‘Safety Valve Theory’, suggesting that Hume initiated it partly to provide a platform for educated Indians to express their grievances peacefully and thereby prevent a larger uprising. While this theory is debated, Hume’s role and the background of the early leaders (statement 1 and 3) are well-established facts.

257. Which of the following statements about Kautilya’s Arthashastra is/are

Which of the following statements about Kautilya’s Arthashastra is/are correct ?

  • It is the first Indian text to describe a State.
  • It does not contain any reference to the Mauryas.
  • It is a theoretical text.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1 and 3 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option4″]

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The correct option is D) 1, 2 and 3.
Statement 1 is correct. Kautilya’s Arthashastra is considered the first comprehensive treatise in ancient India specifically dedicated to statecraft, administration, and political economy, providing a detailed description of the structure and functions of a state.
Statement 2 is correct. A notable feature of the Arthashastra text is the absence of any direct mention of the Mauryan dynasty or Chandragupta Maurya, despite the traditional association of Kautilya (Chanakya) with Chandragupta. This fact is significant for scholarly debates about the text’s precise date.
Statement 3 is correct. While practical and prescriptive, the Arthashastra is fundamentally a theoretical text in the sense that it lays down principles, models, and strategies for the ideal functioning of a state, based on Kautilya’s systematic analysis of governance.
The Arthashastra covers a wide range of topics including the duties of the king, council of ministers, diplomacy, war, law, economics, and internal administration. It provides a detailed blueprint for an efficient and powerful state apparatus.

258. The painter Mola Ram was associated with which one of the following st

The painter Mola Ram was associated with which one of the following styles of paintings?

[amp_mcq option1=”Bundi Paintings” option2=”Garhwal Paintings” option3=”Mewar Paintings” option4=”Kangra Paintings” correct=”option2″]

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The correct option is B) Garhwal Paintings.
Mola Ram (1743–1833) was a renowned artist of the Garhwal School of painting. This school flourished in the Garhwal region of the Himalayas during the 18th and 19th centuries, developing from the Pahari painting tradition. Mola Ram is known for his exquisite miniature paintings, often depicting mythological themes, portraits, and scenes of daily life.
Bundi Paintings, Mewar Paintings, and Kangra Paintings are other distinct schools of Indian painting, primarily associated with Rajasthan (Bundi, Mewar) and the Punjab Hills (Kangra). Mola Ram’s work belongs specifically to the Garhwal branch of the Pahari school.

259. Name the Indian financier who funded the building of the Bombay Univer

Name the Indian financier who funded the building of the Bombay University clock tower.

[amp_mcq option1=”Cowasjee Jehangir Readymoney” option2=”Premchand Roychand” option3=”Jamshetji Tata” option4=”H. St. Clair Wilkins” correct=”option2″]

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The correct option is B) Premchand Roychand.
The Rajabai Clock Tower at the University of Mumbai (formerly Bombay University) was funded by the wealthy Indian merchant and broker Premchand Roychand. He donated a significant sum to the University in 1869 for the construction of the library building and the clock tower, which he named after his mother, Rajabai.
Cowasjee Jehangir Readymoney funded the University Hall. Jamshetji Tata was a pioneering industrialist. H. St. Clair Wilkins was the British architect who designed the Rajabai Clock Tower.

260. Name the British liberal who was associated with the Manchester School

Name the British liberal who was associated with the Manchester School that was critical of the British rule in India.

[amp_mcq option1=”J.S. Mill” option2=”Lord Ripon” option3=”Fitzjames Stephen” option4=”John Bright” correct=”option4″]

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The correct option is D) John Bright.
John Bright was a prominent British liberal politician and a leading figure in the Manchester School, which advocated for free trade and laissez-faire economics. The Manchester School was often critical of British imperial expansion and the associated costs, including the administration of India, arguing that it was expensive and primarily benefited vested interests rather than the British public or Indians. John Bright was a vocal critic of British rule in India, particularly after the 1857 Uprising, and advocated for reforms and eventually self-governance for India.
J.S. Mill was a major liberal philosopher but not typically considered a core member of the Manchester School, though he had complex views on India. Lord Ripon was a liberal Viceroy of India known for implementing reforms, but he was an administrator within the system, not a critic from the Manchester School perspective. Fitzjames Stephen was a legal expert and strongly defended the paternalistic aspects of British rule, often opposing liberal views like those of Ripon.
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