2018

241. Young children with vitamin D deficiency have trouble in absorbing whi

Young children with vitamin D deficiency have trouble in absorbing which of the following minerals ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Calcium and Phosphorus” option2=”Iron and Sodium” option3=”Sodium and Potassium” option4=”Zinc and Iron” correct=”option1″]

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Young children with vitamin D deficiency have trouble in absorbing Calcium and Phosphorus.
– Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the small intestine.
– These minerals are crucial for bone mineralization and overall bone health.
– In children, a deficiency in vitamin D leads to inadequate absorption of calcium and phosphorus, resulting in rickets, a condition characterized by soft and weak bones, bone deformities, and impaired growth.
– Iron is essential for red blood cell formation, and its absorption is primarily influenced by factors like Vitamin C.
– Sodium and Potassium are important electrolytes, and their balance is regulated by the kidneys and other hormones, not directly by Vitamin D absorption.
– Zinc is involved in various metabolic processes, and its absorption is not directly dependent on Vitamin D.
Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and can also be obtained from certain foods or supplements. Severe vitamin D deficiency can lead to osteomalacia in adults (softening of bones).

242. In dialysis for kidney failure patients, the dialysing fluid is iso-os

In dialysis for kidney failure patients, the dialysing fluid is iso-osmotic to

[amp_mcq option1=”Blood” option2=”Urine” option3=”Water” option4=”Body fluid” correct=”option1″]

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In dialysis for kidney failure patients, the dialysing fluid is iso-osmotic to Blood.
– Dialysis is a process that filters waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform these functions.
– The dialysing fluid, or dialysate, is a sterile solution that is separated from the patient’s blood by a semi-permeable membrane (the dialyser or peritoneum).
– The dialysate is carefully formulated to have an osmotic pressure similar to that of normal blood plasma (making it iso-osmotic to blood) to prevent damage to blood cells and large shifts in fluid balance.
– Waste products like urea and creatinine, which are in high concentration in the patient’s blood, diffuse across the membrane into the dialysate where their concentration is low.
– Excess electrolytes in the blood can also be removed, and necessary electrolytes added to the blood from the dialysate, facilitating balance.
– Water removal (ultrafiltration) is typically achieved by creating a pressure gradient or sometimes by adding glucose to the dialysate to increase its osmotic pressure slightly compared to blood, but the base solution is iso-osmotic.
While the dialysate composition aims to restore the body’s overall fluid and electrolyte balance (related to “Body fluid”), the direct interaction is with the blood flowing through the dialyser. Therefore, its osmotic property is most critically matched to blood plasma to ensure safe and effective filtration and solute exchange without causing harm to blood cells.

243. Binomial nomenclature means

Binomial nomenclature means

[amp_mcq option1=”Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. The first word is the genus and the second word is the species.” option2=”Biological names are generally taken from father and mother.” option3=”Biological name originates from order and genus.” option4=”Biological name originates from phylum and genus.” correct=”option1″]

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Binomial nomenclature means Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. The first word is the genus and the second word is the species.
– Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.
– The first part of the name is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet (often called the species name).
– The genus name is always capitalized, and the specific epithet is not.
– Both parts are italicized when printed (e.g., Homo sapiens) or underlined when handwritten.
– This system was largely standardized by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century.
– Options B, C, and D describe incorrect origins or structures for biological names.
Binomial nomenclature provides a unique and internationally recognized name for each species, avoiding confusion caused by common names which can vary regionally or for the same organism. This standardized naming system is fundamental to biological classification (taxonomy).

244. Kingdom Monera includes

Kingdom Monera includes

[amp_mcq option1=”Euglenoids and Protozoans” option2=”Archaebacteria and Eubacteria” option3=”Fungi and Phycomycetes” option4=”Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes” correct=”option2″]

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Kingdom Monera includes Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
– The Kingdom Monera is a biological kingdom composed of prokaryotic organisms, which are single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
– This kingdom traditionally included all bacteria. In modern classification systems (like the three-domain system), Monera is split into two domains: Archaea (Archaebacteria) and Bacteria (Eubacteria). However, in the older five-kingdom system (Whittaker’s classification), Monera encompassed both groups.
– Euglenoids and Protozoans belong to the Kingdom Protista (unicellular eukaryotes).
– Fungi, Phycomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes belong to the Kingdom Fungi (multicellular or unicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic).
The classification of life into kingdoms has evolved over time. The five-kingdom system (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) is widely taught but has been partly superseded by the three-domain system (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya) based on genetic analysis. Under the three-domain system, Monera as a single kingdom is obsolete, but the components (Archaea and Bacteria) align with the older Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

245. The Central Potato Research Institute is located at

The Central Potato Research Institute is located at

[amp_mcq option1=”Almora” option2=”Shimla” option3=”Noida” option4=”Murshidabad” correct=”option2″]

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The Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) is located at Shimla.
– The Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) is a premier research institution under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
– It was established in 1949 and its headquarters are located in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.
– CPRI conducts research on various aspects of potato cultivation, breeding, pest and disease management, and post-harvest technology.
Shimla is located in the foothills of the Himalayas and provides a suitable environment for potato research, especially regarding hill agriculture. CPRI has several regional research stations across India to cater to different agro-climatic conditions suitable for potato cultivation.

246. Which one of the following countries is known as the “Land of a Thousa

Which one of the following countries is known as the “Land of a Thousand Lakes” ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Denmark” option2=”Finland” option3=”The Netherlands” option4=”Poland” correct=”option2″]

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Finland is known as the “Land of a Thousand Lakes”.
– Finland is famous for its vast number of lakes, estimated to be around 188,000, covering about 10% of its total area. This characteristic feature gives rise to the nickname “Land of a Thousand Lakes”.
– Denmark is known for its coastline and islands.
– The Netherlands is famous for its polders (reclaimed land) and canals, but not for numerous large natural lakes.
– Poland also has many lakes, particularly in the Masurian Lake District, but the nickname is most strongly associated with Finland.
The numerous lakes in Finland are largely a legacy of the last Ice Age, carved out by glaciers. They are crucial to the country’s geography, ecology, and culture. Other countries known for numerous lakes include Canada and Sweden.

247. Which of the following cities are associated with ship building? 1. An

Which of the following cities are associated with ship building?
1. Antwerp
2. Trieste
3. Minsk
4. Hamburg
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 4 only” option2=”1 and 2 only” option3=”2, 3 and 4 only” option4=”1, 3 and 4 only” correct=”option1″]

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Antwerp, Trieste, and Hamburg are cities associated with shipbuilding.
– Antwerp is a major port city in Belgium with a history and present activity in shipbuilding and ship repair.
– Trieste is a significant port city in Italy on the Adriatic Sea and has a long tradition of shipbuilding.
– Hamburg is Germany’s largest port and a major center for shipbuilding, marine technology, and related industries.
– Minsk is the capital of Belarus, a landlocked country, and is not associated with ocean-going shipbuilding.
Many major port cities worldwide have significant shipbuilding or ship repair industries due to their coastal location and maritime trade activities. Other well-known shipbuilding centers include Busan (South Korea), Shanghai (China), Tokyo (Japan), Rotterdam (Netherlands), and various locations in the USA and UK historically.

248. Which of the following are products of Agro Based Industry? 1. Silk ya

Which of the following are products of Agro Based Industry?
1. Silk yarn
2. Cotton yarn
3. Polyfibre yarn
4. Polyester yarn
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3 only” option2=”1 and 4 only” option3=”3 and 4 only” option4=”1 and 2 only” correct=”option4″]

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Silk yarn and Cotton yarn are products of Agro Based Industry.
– Agro-based industries use agricultural produce as raw materials.
– Silk is obtained from silkworms, which are cultivated and fed on agricultural products like mulberry leaves. Sericulture is an agricultural activity. Thus, silk yarn is an agro-based product.
– Cotton is a fiber crop cultivated in agriculture. Cotton yarn is produced by processing raw cotton. Thus, cotton yarn is also an agro-based product.
– Polyfibre yarn and Polyester yarn are synthetic fibers produced from petrochemicals, not agricultural raw materials. They are products of the chemical industry.
Examples of agro-based industries include food processing (sugar, flour, fruits, vegetables), textile industries using natural fibers (cotton, jute, silk, wool), rubber, paper (from wood pulp, which can be considered related to forestry/agriculture), etc.

249. Which of the following items is/are associated with the mulberry plant

Which of the following items is/are associated with the mulberry plant?
1. Silk
2. Cocoon
3. Pashmina
4. Hemp
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”1, 2 and 3 only” option3=”1 and 4 only” option4=”2 only” correct=”option1″]

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Silk and Cocoon are directly associated with the mulberry plant.
– The mulberry plant (genus Morus) is the primary food source for the silkworm Bombyx mori, which is the most widely used species in commercial sericulture (silk production).
– Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves and then spin cocoons made of silk fibers. The silk yarn is subsequently obtained from these cocoons.
– Pashmina is a fine type of wool obtained from the Cashmere goat, native to high altitudes of the Himalayas. It is not related to the mulberry plant.
– Hemp is a fiber derived from the Cannabis plant and is used for textiles, paper, biofuels, etc. It is not associated with the mulberry plant.
Sericulture is the cultivation of silkworms for the production of silk. Different types of silk exist (like Muga, Eri, Tasar), some of which are produced by silkworms that feed on plants other than mulberry, but mulberry silk is the most common variety.

250. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:

List I
(Place)		 List II
(Industry)
A. Kanpur 1. Silk
B. Sualkuchi 2. Cotton
C. Korba 3. Copper
D. Khetri 4. Aluminium

Code :

[amp_mcq option1=”2 1 4 3″ option2=”2 4 1 3″ option3=”3 4 1 2″ option4=”3 1 4 2″ correct=”option1″]

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The correct match for the places and industries is: Kanpur with Cotton, Sualkuchi with Silk, Korba with Aluminium, and Khetri with Copper.
– Kanpur is a major industrial city in Uttar Pradesh, historically known for its cotton textile industry.
– Sualkuchi in Assam is famous for its Muga silk production.
– Korba in Chhattisgarh is a significant site for aluminium production, housing a major plant of BALCO (Bharat Aluminium Company Limited).
– Khetri in Rajasthan is well-known for its copper mines and associated industry.
Matching the specific industries with their prominent locations is a common type of question testing geographical and industrial knowledge. Other important industrial centers in India include Mumbai (cotton textiles), Jamshedpur (iron and steel), Bengaluru (IT, aerospace), etc.
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