2016

141. Which of the following statements about Exercise IBSAMAR is / are corr

Which of the following statements about Exercise IBSAMAR is / are correct ?

  • 1. It is a joint exercise of Navy of India, Brazil and Sri Lanka
  • 2. The fifth edition of IBSAMAR was held in Goa
  • 3. All previous editions of IBSAMAR were held outside India

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”2 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is A, stating that only statement 2 is correct.
Exercise IBSAMAR is a trilateral naval exercise conducted biennially between the Navies of India, Brazil, and South Africa (IBSA). Statement 1 is incorrect as Sri Lanka is not a participant. Statement 2 is correct; the fifth edition (IBSAMAR V) was held in Goa, India, in February 2016. Statement 3 is incorrect; previous editions (like IBSAMAR IV in 2014) have also been held in India.
The name IBSAMAR is derived from the participating countries: India, Brazil, South Africa, and MARitime. The exercise focuses on enhancing interoperability and cooperation in various maritime operations.

142. Which of the following is / are characteristic (s) of the debate betwe

Which of the following is / are characteristic (s) of the debate between “Anglicists” and “Orientalists” in the 1830s ?

  • 1. The Anglicists wanted to cut the money being spent on printing Sanskrit and Arabic texts
  • 2. The Anglicists wanted to cut the money spent on printing Sanskrit texts, but wished to continue to print in Persian
  • 3. The Orientalists wanted stipend for the students of Arabic and Sanskrit
  • 4. The Orientalists started a new Sanskrit College in Delhi

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1, 3 and 4″ option3=”1 and 3 only” option4=”2, 3 and 4″ correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is C, which states that statements 1 and 3 are correct.
The Anglicists favoured Western education through the medium of English and sought to cease government funding for traditional Oriental institutions and the printing of Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian texts. The Orientalists, conversely, advocated for the promotion of traditional Indian learning in these languages and supported measures like providing stipends to students studying them.
The debate culminated in Macaulay’s Minute of 1835, which strongly advocated for the Anglicist viewpoint, leading to a shift in government policy towards promoting Western education through English. Statement 2 is incorrect because Anglicists opposed funding for all Oriental languages, including Persian. Statement 4 is not a characteristic defining the core debate itself, which was about funding and the medium/content of education rather than the establishment of new specific institutions by Orientalists during the peak of this debate (existing institutions were the focus of funding cuts proposals).

143. Which of the following statements about the Champaran Satyagraha is/ar

Which of the following statements about the Champaran Satyagraha is/are correct ?

  • 1. The Champaran region had a long tradition of anti-planter discontent and agitation
  • 2. Mahatma Gandhi gave all India publicity to the grievances of Champaran cultivators
  • 3. The cultivators of Champaran had protested against excessive taxation on sugar

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1 and 2 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option2″]

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The correct option is B.
The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was Mahatma Gandhi’s first major intervention in India.
– Statement 1: The forced indigo cultivation under the ‘tin kathia’ system and the exploitative practices of European planters had caused long-standing resentment among the cultivators in Champaran, leading to sporadic protests and agitations before Gandhi’s arrival. This statement is correct.
– Statement 2: Gandhi’s arrival in Champaran, his methodical inquiry into the grievances, and his use of Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) attracted nationwide attention. His leadership effectively highlighted the plight of the Champaran cultivators and garnered support from across India, giving the local issue all-India publicity. This statement is correct.
– Statement 3: The cultivators were protesting against the compulsory cultivation of indigo on a fixed portion of their land (tin kathia system), unfair prices for indigo, and illegal cesses and fines imposed by the planters. The protest was related to indigo production and the exploitative system around it, not excessive taxation on sugar. This statement is incorrect.
The Champaran Satyagraha was a significant event as it marked the first successful application of Gandhi’s Satyagraha technique in India and brought him into direct contact with the masses. It led to the appointment of an inquiry committee and the eventual abolition of the ‘tin kathia’ system and the refund of some illegal exactions to the cultivators.

144. Which of the following statements about ‘Barnaparichay’, a mid 19th ce

Which of the following statements about ‘Barnaparichay’, a mid 19th century Bengali text is / are correct ?

  • 1. It was written by Raja Rammohan Roy
  • 2. It was the most widely used Bengali primer of the time

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option2″]

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The correct option is B.
‘Barnaparichay’ (বর্ণপরিচয়, meaning ‘Introduction to the Alphabet’) is a seminal Bengali primer.
– Statement 1: It was written by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, a prominent Bengali polymath and social reformer. Raja Rammohan Roy died in 1833, whereas ‘Barnaparichay’ was published in 1855 (Part 1) and 1856 (Part 2). Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
– Statement 2: ‘Barnaparichay’ revolutionized Bengali education by simplifying the alphabet and using a scientific approach to teach reading and writing. It became immensely popular and served as the standard primer for learning Bengali for several decades, widely used across Bengal. This statement is correct.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s work in Bengali language reform and education had a profound and lasting impact. ‘Barnaparichay’ standardized the Bengali alphabet and its sequence, making it significantly easier for children to learn.

145. Who among the following British ethnographers launched the Survey of I

Who among the following British ethnographers launched the Survey of India project in the 1860s ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Hunter” option2=”Dufferin” option3=”Risley” option4=”Thurston” correct=”option1″]

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The correct option is A.
The question asks about a “Survey of India project” launched in the 1860s by a British ethnographer. While the formal Survey of India is a mapping agency, the term might be used here loosely to refer to a major large-scale documentation effort *about* India that included ethnographic aspects.
– William Wilson Hunter (A) was appointed to organize a statistical survey of India in 1869 (late 1860s). This project, which led to the creation of the “Statistical Accounts of Bengal” and eventually the “Imperial Gazetteer of India”, involved collecting vast amounts of data on geography, statistics, history, and also socio-cultural aspects, including ethnographic details. While not solely an ethnographer, Hunter initiated this major survey project in the specified timeframe, and his work contained significant ethnographic information.
– Lord Dufferin (B) was a Viceroy (1884-1888) and not an ethnographer or survey initiator in the 1860s.
– Herbert Hope Risley (C) is a prominent ethnographer known for his anthropometric surveys and works like “The Tribes and Castes of Bengal” (1891) and “The People of India” (1908). His major systematic ethnographic work began later than the 1860s.
– Edgar Thurston (D) was another significant ethnographer who worked in South India and published “Castes and Tribes of Southern India” (1909). His work is also from a later period.
Given the timeframe of the 1860s and the options provided, W.W. Hunter is the most plausible figure who initiated a large-scale survey project covering various aspects of India, including ethnographic information, around that period.
Systematic ethnographic surveys became more prominent in British India later in the 19th century, often linked with Census operations, which began collecting detailed socio-ethnic data from 1871 onwards. Risley played a key role in using anthropometry to classify Indian populations during the censuses he supervised. However, Hunter’s initiation of the Statistical Survey in 1869 fits the ‘1860s project’ description better than the major works of Risley or Thurston.

146. The Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir came into force on :

The Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir came into force on :

[amp_mcq option1=”15 August 1946″ option2=”15 August 1947″ option3=”26 January 1950″ option4=”26 January 1957″ correct=”option4″]

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The correct option is D.
Jammu and Kashmir had a special status under Article 370 of the Constitution of India (now revoked). It had its own Constitution.
– The Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir was convened in 1951 to draft a Constitution for the state.
– The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 17, 1956.
– The Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir came into force on January 26, 1957. This date coincided with India’s Republic Day.
– 15 August 1947 (B) is India’s Independence Day; 26 January 1950 (C) is India’s Republic Day, when the Constitution of India came into force.
The special status of Jammu and Kashmir and its separate Constitution were abrogated by the Indian Parliament in August 2019, reorganizing the state into two Union Territories, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.

147. Who among the following sociologists is the first to propound the conc

Who among the following sociologists is the first to propound the concept of civil society ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Adam Ferguson” option2=”Antonio Gramsci” option3=”Friedrich Hegel” option4=”Alexis de Tocqueville” correct=”option1″]

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The correct option is A.
The concept of civil society has ancient roots, but its modern theoretical articulation began during the Enlightenment. Adam Ferguson, a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, is widely credited with developing one of the earliest systematic modern concepts of civil society in his work “An Essay on the History of Civil Society” (1767). He described civil society as a state of polished and commercial society characterized by law, property rights, and the development of specialized roles, contrasting it with more primitive stages of human existence.
– Adam Ferguson (A): Articulated a distinct modern concept of civil society as a realm of commercial life, property, and law.
– Antonio Gramsci (B): Developed a Marxist perspective on civil society, seeing it as a sphere of cultural and ideological hegemony, distinct from but linked to the state, crucial for maintaining ruling class power. His work is significant but later (early 20th century).
– Friedrich Hegel (C): Presented a complex philosophical theory of civil society (bürgerliche Gesellschaft) in his “Philosophy of Right” (1820), placing it as a sphere between the family and the state, based on economic activity and individual needs. His formulation was highly influential but followed Ferguson.
– Alexis de Tocqueville (D): Studied civil society in America in the 1830s, focusing on the importance of voluntary associations for a healthy democracy. His empirical study was crucial but built upon existing ideas.
While the concept evolved significantly through Hegel, Tocqueville, and Gramsci, Ferguson is recognized for his foundational contribution in defining a distinct sphere of civil society in modern thought.
The definition and role of civil society have been debated and redefined throughout history and across different theoretical traditions, from liberal thinkers who see it as a sphere of freedom and association to Marxist theorists who analyze its role in power and ideology.

148. Parochial political culture is generally found in :

Parochial political culture is generally found in :

[amp_mcq option1=”Developing societies.” option2=”Societies having multi-party system.” option3=”Developed societies.” option4=”Monarchical societies.” correct=”option1″]

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The correct option is A.
Political culture, as described by political scientists like Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, can be broadly classified into parochial, subject, and participant.
– Parochial political culture is characterized by low levels of political awareness and political efficacy. Individuals living in a parochial political culture have little or no knowledge of the national political system; their loyalties and identities are typically centered around local, tribal, or kinship groups. They do not identify themselves as citizens of a larger nation-state and have no expectations from the government or the political system.
– Such a culture is most commonly found in traditional societies or segments within larger states that are not integrated into the modern political system. These conditions are often prevalent in developing societies, especially in rural or remote areas transitioning from traditional structures.
– Societies with multi-party systems (B) and developed societies (C) are generally associated with participant political culture, where citizens are aware of and actively participate in the political process. Monarchical societies (D) could exhibit subject or even participant culture depending on the degree of political modernization and citizen participation, but parochial culture is not their defining characteristic as much as it is for traditional/developing societies.
Subject political culture involves awareness of the political system and its outputs (laws, policies) but a passive role, seeing oneself as a subject rather than a participant. Participant political culture involves active engagement and belief in one’s ability to influence the political system.

149. The provision under Article 51A of the Constitution of India relates t

The provision under Article 51A of the Constitution of India relates to the :

[amp_mcq option1=”uniform civil code for the citizens.” option2=”organization of village panchayats.” option3=”right to education.” option4=”fundamental duties.” correct=”option4″]

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The correct option is D.
Article 51A of the Constitution of India enumerates the Fundamental Duties of citizens. This Article was added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
– A) Uniform civil code for the citizens: This is provided for in Article 44, which is a Directive Principle of State Policy.
– B) Organization of village panchayats: This is provided for in Article 40, which is a Directive Principle of State Policy.
– C) Right to education: This is a Fundamental Right guaranteed under Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.
– D) Fundamental duties: Article 51A specifically lists the eleven Fundamental Duties that citizens are expected to observe.
The Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable, meaning they are not enforceable by courts. They are intended to remind citizens of their responsibilities towards the nation and fellow citizens.

150. Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India conta

Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India contains provisions for the abolition and creation of Legislative Councils ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Article 171″ option2=”Article 169″ option3=”Article 356″ option4=”Article 182″ correct=”option2″]

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The correct option is B.
Article 169 of the Constitution of India provides the procedure for the abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.
– Article 169: Lays down that Parliament may, by law, create or abolish a Legislative Council in a state if the Legislative Assembly of that state passes a resolution to that effect by a special majority (two-thirds of members present and voting, and a majority of the total membership of the House).
– Article 171: Deals with the composition of the Legislative Councils.
– Article 356: Relates to the imposition of President’s Rule in a state due to the failure of constitutional machinery.
– Article 182: Deals with the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.
Currently, six states in India have Legislative Councils: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh. The process outlined in Article 169 involves both the state legislature and the Union Parliament.
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