2011 Archives

71. Arrange the following Indian states in descending order of population

Arrange the following Indian states in descending order of population density as per the Census of India 2011 :

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Uttar Pradesh
Kerala
Bihar
West Bengal

Select the answer using the code given below :

4-3-2-1

3-4-2-1

2-3-4-1

3-4-1-2

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The correct descending order of population density among the given states as per the Census of India 2011 is Bihar, West Bengal, Kerala, and Uttar Pradesh.

According to Census 2011:
– Bihar: 1106 persons per sq km
– West Bengal: 1028 persons per sq km
– Kerala: 860 persons per sq km
– Uttar Pradesh: 829 persons per sq km
Therefore, the descending order is Bihar (3) > West Bengal (4) > Kerala (2) > Uttar Pradesh (1), which corresponds to the sequence 3-4-2-1.

Bihar was the most densely populated state in India as per the 2011 census, followed by West Bengal. The national average population density in 2011 was 382 persons per sq km.

72. If we know that ‘some utensils are not microwave-safe’ is true, it fol

If we know that ‘some utensils are not microwave-safe’ is true, it follows that

'some utensils are microwave-safe' may be also true

'no utensils are microwave-safe' must be true

'no utensils are microwave-safe' must be false

'if anything is a utensil, it must be microwave-safe' must be true

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UPSC CAPF – 2011

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If ‘some utensils are not microwave-safe’ is true, it follows that ‘some utensils are microwave-safe’ may be also true.

The premise ‘Some utensils are not microwave-safe’ is an ‘O’ proposition in categorical logic. The statement ‘Some utensils are microwave-safe’ is an ‘I’ proposition. According to the traditional square of opposition, ‘O’ and ‘I’ propositions are subcontraries, meaning they cannot both be false, but they can both be true. If the ‘O’ proposition (‘Some utensils are not microwave-safe’) is true, the ‘I’ proposition (‘Some utensils are microwave-safe’) is not necessarily true (e.g., if *all* utensils are not microwave-safe, then ‘some are not’ is true and ‘some are’ is false). However, the ‘I’ proposition is also not necessarily false; it is perfectly possible for some utensils to be microwave-safe while others are not. Therefore, the statement “‘some utensils are microwave-safe’ may be also true” accurately reflects this possibility which is consistent with the premise.

Options B and C concern the statement ‘no utensils are microwave-safe’ (‘E’ proposition). If ‘some utensils are not microwave-safe’ (‘O’) is true, ‘no utensils are microwave-safe’ (‘E’) *can* be true (if all utensils are not microwave-safe) but it doesn’t *have* to be true. So neither ‘must be true’ nor ‘must be false’ applies to ‘E’. Option D, ‘if anything is a utensil, it must be microwave-safe’ (‘A’ proposition), is the contradictory of ‘some utensils are not microwave-safe’ (‘O’). If ‘O’ is true, ‘A’ must be false. So D is contradicted, not followed. Option A is the only statement describing a possibility that is consistent with and thus ‘follows’ from the premise in the sense that the possibility exists.

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73. Given that 1. Some dentists are Asians. 2. Some Asians are not pedi

Given that

1. Some dentists are Asians.
2. Some Asians are not pediatricians.

Which one among the following is not implied ?

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Some people are not pediatricians

No pediatricians are Asians

Some Asians are dentists

There may be dentists who are not Asians

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UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The statement ‘No pediatricians are Asians’ is not implied by the given statements.

The given statements are:
1. Some dentists are Asians. (Overlap between Dentists and Asians)
2. Some Asians are not pediatricians. (Some Asians are outside the group of Pediatricians)
Statement 2 only tells us that the set of Asians is not entirely contained within the set of Pediatricians. It does not preclude the possibility that some pediatricians are also Asians. It is entirely consistent with the statements that some, or even many, pediatricians are Asian. Therefore, the statement ‘No pediatricians are Asians’ is not a necessary conclusion and is thus not implied.

Let’s check the other options:
A) Some people are not pediatricians: Asians are people. Statement 2 says some Asians are not pediatricians. Thus, some people are not pediatricians. This is implied.
C) Some Asians are dentists: This is the direct meaning of Statement 1. This is implied.
D) There may be dentists who are not Asians: Statement 1 says *some* dentists are Asians. This leaves open the possibility that there are other dentists who are not Asian. This possibility is consistent with the statements and is not ruled out. In the context of logic puzzles, if a possibility is consistent with the premises, the statement that this possibility *may* exist is often considered implied. Option B, however, is a definite statement that is not supported by the premises and can be false.

74. The statement ‘Everyone has a father, but not every father has a son’

The statement ‘Everyone has a father, but not every father has a son’ implies that

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every father has at least one son

not every parent is a male

some parents have daughters

no father has just one son

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UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The statement ‘Everyone has a father, but not every father has a son’ implies that some parents have daughters.

The second part of the statement, “not every father has a son,” means that there exists at least one father who does not have a son. Since being a father implies having children, a father who does not have a son must have at least one daughter (they could have only daughters or daughters and no sons). Fathers are parents. Therefore, there exists at least one parent (a father) who has a daughter (or daughters).

Option A is directly contradicted by the second part of the premise. Option B is true in reality (mothers are parents and are female), but it is not implied by the statements given, which are focused on fathers and their children. Option D is not implied; the statement only tells us about fathers who *don’t* have sons, not those who do. A father could have just one son, and the premise would still hold true if there was at least one *other* father who had only daughters.

75. Ms. X goes to work by NH-2. She has a meeting at 9-30 AM on a day and

Ms. X goes to work by NH-2. She has a meeting at 9-30 AM on a day and missing it may mean missing out a big opportunity for her. On that day all day long NH-2 will be closed for repair.
From the above statements, which one among the options given below follows ?

Ms. X will not be able to go to work on the day

Ms. X will not be able to reschedule the meeting to another day or another time

She surely will lose a big opportunity for her

None of the above

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UPSC CAPF – 2011

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From the statements, it follows that Ms. X will not be able to go to work on the day using her usual route. Given the time-sensitive nature of the meeting, the most direct implication is that she will be unable to reach work in time or as planned.

The statements establish that NH-2 is Ms. X’s route to work and it will be closed all day on the day of her important meeting. This directly prevents her from using her normal means of commuting to work on that day. While alternative possibilities exist in the real world (another route, remote work, rescheduling), the question asks what *follows* from the given statements, implying the most direct logical consequence based solely on the provided information. The closure of her stated route directly impacts her ability to reach her workplace for the meeting.

Option B makes an assumption about rescheduling ability, which is not mentioned. Option C claims she *surely* will lose the opportunity, but the statements say missing the meeting *may* mean missing the opportunity, and it’s not certain she will miss the meeting (alternative commute routes, remote work, etc. are not ruled out, though Option A is the strongest inference based *only* on the provided facts about her route and the closure). Option A, interpreted as being unable to go to work *via NH-2*, which is her stated method, is the most direct and certain consequence among the choices provided within the scope of the problem’s premise.

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76. ‘Hydraulic brakes’ and ‘Hydraulic lift’ are devices in which fluids ar

‘Hydraulic brakes’ and ‘Hydraulic lift’ are devices in which fluids are used for transmitting

force

momentum

pressure

power

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UPSC CAPF – 2011

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‘Hydraulic brakes’ and ‘Hydraulic lift’ are devices in which fluids are used for transmitting pressure.

These devices operate based on Pascal’s Principle, which states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and the walls of the containing vessel. In hydraulic systems, a small force applied to a small area (piston) creates pressure in the fluid (Pressure = Force/Area). This pressure is transmitted through the fluid to a larger area (piston), resulting in a larger force output (Force = Pressure * Area). The fluid acts as the medium to transmit this pressure.

While force is transmitted and amplified in hydraulic systems, the fundamental principle at play, enabling the transmission and multiplication of force, is the uniform transmission of pressure throughout the fluid. Work done (Force x Distance) is ideally the same at both input and output ends, neglecting energy losses, but the force and distance are traded off (small input force over large distance results in large output force over small distance).

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77. The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth is maximum

The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth is maximum and it

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increases as we go up

decreases as we go up or down

increases as we go down

neither increases nor decreases as we go up or down

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UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth is maximum, and it decreases as we go up or down.

The acceleration due to gravity (g) at a distance r from the center of the Earth (mass M) is given by g = GM/r². On the surface, r is the Earth’s radius (R), so g_surface = GM/R². As we go up, r increases (r = R + altitude), so g decreases according to the inverse square law. As we go down into the Earth, the mass (M) pulling us decreases (only the mass within the sphere of radius r contributes to the gravitational force at radius r, assuming uniform density for simplicity, though density varies in reality), while the distance from the center (r) decreases. The effect of decreasing mass outweighs the effect of decreasing distance, causing gravity to decrease linearly towards the center (g = GM_r/r², where M_r is the mass within radius r). Gravity is zero at the Earth’s center.

Therefore, gravity is maximum at the surface and decreases both above and below the surface. Minor variations exist due to altitude, latitude (Earth’s bulge), and local geological variations, but the general trend is decrease away from the surface.

78. An elderly person while trying to read a book at about 25 cm from the

An elderly person while trying to read a book at about 25 cm from the eyes finds the image appears blurred because of the decreasing effectiveness of the ciliary muscles and the loss of flexibility of the lens. This defect of the eyes is called

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myopia

astigmatism

hypermetropia

presbyopia

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UPSC CAPF – 2011

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The described eye defect is called presbyopia.

Presbyopia is a common age-related condition that reduces the eye’s ability to focus on close objects. It occurs because the lens of the eye hardens and loses flexibility, and the muscles surrounding the lens become less effective at changing the lens’s shape for focusing on near vision (a process called accommodation). This results in blurred vision when reading or doing other close-up tasks.

Myopia (nearsightedness) is difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. Astigmatism is a refractive error causing blurred vision at all distances due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens. Hypermetropia (farsightedness) is difficulty seeing near objects clearly, often due to the eyeball being too short or the cornea being too flat, but presbyopia is specifically the age-related loss of accommodation.

79. Transformers are used in between the electric power stations and homes

Transformers are used in between the electric power stations and homes or factories in order to

minimize the power loss in transmission cables

minimize the voltage drop in transmission cables

minimize the current drop in the transmission cables

provide constant voltage at the user end

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UPSC CAPF – 2011

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Transformers are used in between the electric power stations and homes or factories in order to minimize the power loss in transmission cables.

Electric power is transmitted over long distances through cables. These cables have resistance, and power is lost as heat according to the formula P_loss = I² * R, where I is the current and R is the resistance of the cable. To minimize this power loss for a given amount of power being transmitted (P = V * I), the voltage (V) is stepped up to a very high level by transformers at the power station. This high voltage means the current (I) required to transmit the same power is much lower (I = P/V). A lower current significantly reduces the power loss (I²R) in the transmission lines. At the receiving end, transformers step the voltage back down for safe use in homes and factories.

While stepping up voltage does also reduce voltage drop (V_drop = I*R), the primary purpose of high-voltage transmission is the dramatic reduction in power loss, making long-distance transmission economically feasible. Transformers are essential for changing voltage levels efficiently in AC circuits.

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80. At the time of short-circuit the current in the circuit,

At the time of short-circuit the current in the circuit,

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reduces substantially

does not change

increases heavily

varies continuously

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UPSC CAPF – 2011

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At the time of short-circuit, the current in the circuit increases heavily.

A short circuit occurs when a low-resistance path is established between points in a circuit that are normally at different electrical potentials. According to Ohm’s Law (V = IR, or I = V/R), if the resistance (R) in a circuit decreases significantly while the voltage (V) remains relatively constant, the current (I) must increase dramatically.

This heavy increase in current during a short circuit can cause overheating, damage to wiring and components, and is a common cause of electrical fires. Protective devices like fuses and circuit breakers are designed to detect this surge in current and interrupt the circuit to prevent damage.