2011

111. The Harappan civilization covered an extensive area of present South A

The Harappan civilization covered an extensive area of present South Asia. The geographic space covered by this civilization included

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Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh and Northeastern frontier
Punjab, Sindh, Northwestern frontier and Kashmir
Punjab, Sindh and a part of Northwestern frontier
Punjab, Sindh, a part of Northwestern frontier, Kathiawar and a part of Ganga-Yamuna Doab
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The correct option is D. The Harappan civilization was one of the most extensive ancient civilizations, spanning across modern-day Pakistan and Northwest India. Option D provides the most comprehensive description of its geographical spread among the given choices, including core areas like Punjab and Sindh, parts of the Northwestern frontier (Balochistan), important regions in Kathiawar (Gujarat), and the easternmost extensions in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab (Western Uttar Pradesh).
The question tests knowledge of the geographical extent of the Harappan (Indus Valley) Civilization. Key areas included Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh.
Major Harappan sites like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa are in Sindh and Punjab (Pakistan), Dholavira and Lothal are in Kathiawar (Gujarat, India), Sutkagen Dor is near the Iran border (Balochistan), and Alamgirpur is in Western Uttar Pradesh. Manda in Jammu and Kashmir represents the northernmost extent, and Daimabad in Maharashtra represents the southernmost extent. Option D correctly captures several key regions defining its extensive area.

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112. Which one among the following wars was ended by the Treaty of Madras ?

Which one among the following wars was ended by the Treaty of Madras ?

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First Carnatic war
Second Carnatic war
First Mysore war
Second Mysore war
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The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767–1769) was concluded by the Treaty of Madras, signed in April 1769. The treaty stipulated mutual restoration of conquests, except for a few minor exceptions, and a defensive alliance between the British and Mysore against common enemies.
The Treaty of Madras was the first treaty signed between the English East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore, ruled by Hyder Ali.
The other wars mentioned were ended by different treaties: The First Carnatic War ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748). The Second Carnatic War ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry (1754). The Second Mysore War ended with the Treaty of Mangalore (1784).

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113. Which of the following statements regarding Chipko Movement is/are cor

Which of the following statements regarding Chipko Movement is/are correct ?

  • 1. Chipko Movement took place in the early 1970s against the introduction of commercial forestry.
  • 2. Chipko refers to a single movement and not a collective of several movements.
  • 3. Chipko did not begin as a movement for conservation but primarily as an economic struggle, the root of which lay in rural and peasant protests.

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1 only
1 and 3
2 only
1 and 2
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Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Chipko Movement did indeed take place in the early 1970s, primarily in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, opposing commercial logging by contractors that threatened the traditional forest rights of local communities (Statement 1). While it became famous for environmental conservation, its initial roots were primarily in the economic struggles of villagers dependent on forests for their livelihoods, who were protesting against unfair allocation of forest resources to outsiders (Statement 3). Statement 2 is incorrect; Chipko is often used as a collective term for a series of similar protests and movements involving villagers hugging trees to prevent felling across different parts of the Himalayas over time, not a single, monolithic movement.
The Chipko Movement is a landmark example of environmental activism rooted in socio-economic issues and community participation, particularly by women, in rural India.
Key figures associated with the Chipko Movement include Sunderlal Bahuguna and Chandi Prasad Bhatt. The movement successfully pressured the government to ban logging in sensitive areas of the Himalayas for several years.

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114. Which one among the following statements regarding SAARC is correct ?

Which one among the following statements regarding SAARC is correct ?

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Myanmar is a member of SAARC
Headquarters of SAARC is located in Dhaka
The first SAARC award was posthumously conferred upon late President Ziaur Rahman of Bangladesh
The present Secretary General of SAARC is from India
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Statement C is correct. The first SAARC Award was posthumously conferred upon late President Ziaur Rahman of Bangladesh (one of the proponents of SAARC) for his vision and contribution to the idea of regional cooperation in South Asia.
The SAARC Award is conferred to individuals or organizations for their outstanding contribution to the cause of peace, development, poverty alleviation, and regional cooperation in South Asia.
Statement A is incorrect; Myanmar is not a member of SAARC. Statement B is incorrect; the SAARC Secretariat is located in Kathmandu, Nepal, although the first summit was held in Dhaka. Statement D is incorrect; the Secretary General of SAARC is appointed by the Council of Ministers on the principle of rotation among the Member States in alphabetical order and serves for a term of three years. While there have been Indian Secretaries General in the past, the statement refers to the “present” which is relative to the time of the question and also typically implies the current office holder. However, even looking at historical SGs around the likely time of this question’s origin (early 2010s), the SG was from Nepal (2011-2014). Regardless, C is a definitively correct historical fact about the SAARC award.

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115. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :

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List I
(Prominent American Indian)		List II
(Field of activity)
A. Piyush ‘Bobby’ Jindal1. Media
B. Manoj Night Shyamalan2. Author
C. Siddhartha Mukherjee3. Film Maker
D. Fareed Zakaria4. Administration

Code :

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A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
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Matching the prominent American Indians (of Indian origin) with their fields of activity:
A. Piyush ‘Bobby’ Jindal – 4. Administration (He is a former Governor of Louisiana and a former US Congressman).
B. Manoj Night Shyamalan – 3. Film Maker (He is a renowned film director, screenwriter, and producer).
C. Siddhartha Mukherjee – 2. Author (He is a physician, scientist, and Pulitzer Prize-winning author).
D. Fareed Zakaria – 1. Media (He is a journalist, author, and host of CNN’s Fareed Zakaria GPS).
The correct code is therefore A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1.
This question tests knowledge of prominent personalities of Indian origin who have made significant contributions in various fields in the United States.
All individuals listed are well-known figures in their respective domains in the United States. This question highlights the increasing presence and influence of the Indian diaspora globally.

116. Which of the following statements regarding United Nations Environment

Which of the following statements regarding United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is/are correct ?

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  • 1. The theme for the year 2011 is ‘Forest : Nature at Your Service’.
  • 2. It underscores link between quality of life and health and forest ecosystem.
  • 3. India is declared as a global host of World Environment Day 2011.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 2 and 3
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
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All three statements are correct regarding the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and World Environment Day (WED) in 2011. The theme for World Environment Day 2011 was ‘Forests: Nature at Your Service’, which highlights the vital ecosystem services provided by forests and their link to human well-being (Statements 1 and 2). India was indeed the global host country for World Environment Day 2011, organizing various events to mark the occasion (Statement 3).
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and is the principal vehicle for the United Nations to encourage worldwide awareness and action for the protection of our environment. Each year, a theme and a host country are selected.
UNEP was established in 1972 and is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system, and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.

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117. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :

List I
(River)		List II
(Tributary)
A. Godavari1. Son
B. Krishna2. Chambal
C. Yamuna3. Bhima
D. Ganga4. Manjira

Code :

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A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
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The correct matches are:
A. Godavari – 4. Manjira (Manjira is a major tributary of the Godavari)
B. Krishna – 3. Bhima (Bhima is a major tributary of the Krishna)
C. Yamuna – 2. Chambal (Chambal is a major tributary of the Yamuna)
D. Ganga – 1. Son (Son is a major southern tributary of the Ganga)
Therefore, the correct code is A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1.
Identifying major tributaries of India’s principal rivers is crucial for understanding the country’s drainage system and geography.
Other important tributaries: Godavari: Pravara, Purna, Pranhita (Penganga, Wardha, Wainganga), Indravati, Sabari. Krishna: Tungabhadra, Koyna, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Musi. Yamuna: Sindh, Betwa, Ken. Ganga: Yamuna, Ghagra, Gandak, Kosi, Ramganga, Gomti, Damodar.

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118. Which of the following statements relating to the planet Venus is/are

Which of the following statements relating to the planet Venus is/are correct ?

  • 1. It is the nearest planet from the Sun.
  • 2. It is only slightly smaller than the Earth.
  • 3. It has no atmosphere.

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1, 2 and 3
1 and 3 only
2 only
1 and 2 only
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Statement 2 is correct: Venus is often called Earth’s sister planet because it is only slightly smaller than Earth in size (diameter of Venus is about 12,104 km compared to Earth’s 12,742 km) and mass.
Venus is the second planet from the Sun and has a dense, toxic atmosphere primarily composed of carbon dioxide.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Mercury is the nearest planet to the Sun, followed by Venus, Earth, Mars, etc. Statement 3 is incorrect: Venus has a very thick atmosphere, about 90 times denser than Earth’s atmosphere, leading to extremely high surface temperatures due to a runaway greenhouse effect.

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119. Which one among the following forces is most powerful in determining m

Which one among the following forces is most powerful in determining movement of wind including its velocity ?

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Gravitational force
Centrifugal force
Frictional force
Pressure gradient force
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The Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) is the primary force that initiates air movement, i.e., wind. It is the force that pushes air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. The strength of the wind is directly proportional to the magnitude of the pressure gradient (the rate of pressure change over distance).
Pressure gradient force is fundamental to atmospheric circulation. Air flows from high pressure to low pressure, and this movement constitutes wind. Other forces like Coriolis force and friction modify the direction and speed of the wind, but PGF is the initial driver.
While other forces influence wind, their roles are different: Gravitational force keeps the atmosphere bound to the Earth. Centrifugal force is relevant in curved motion but not the primary cause of wind. Frictional force acts opposite to the direction of motion, slowing down the wind, especially near the surface.

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120. Which one among the following statements relating to a cyclone is not

Which one among the following statements relating to a cyclone is not correct ?

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It is a wind circulation system with a low pressure at the centre
It brings about sudden change in weather condition in an area
Wind movement towards the low pressure centre of a cyclone is clockwise in the northern hemisphere
It is known as hurricane in West Indies
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Statement C is incorrect. In the Northern Hemisphere, due to the Coriolis effect, winds in a cyclone (a low-pressure system) spiral *counter-clockwise* towards the centre. In the Southern Hemisphere, they spiral clockwise.
The Coriolis effect, caused by the Earth’s rotation, is responsible for the deflection of moving air (and water). This effect dictates the direction of rotation of large-scale weather systems like cyclones and anti-cyclones in different hemispheres.
A cyclone is indeed a low-pressure wind circulation system (Statement A). Cyclones bring about significant and often sudden changes in weather, including strong winds, heavy rain, and sometimes storm surges (Statement B). Cyclones are known by various names globally depending on the region, such as hurricanes in the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, typhoons in the Northwest Pacific, and willy-willies off the coast of Northwestern Australia (Statement D).

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