2010

61. Which one of the following is *not* a World Heritage Site as identifie

Which one of the following is *not* a World Heritage Site as identified by UNESCO ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Kaziranga National Park” option2=”Keoladeo National Park” option3=”Manas Wildlife Sanctuary” option4=”Bandipur National Park” correct=”option4″]

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Bandipur National Park is *not* a World Heritage Site identified by UNESCO, whereas Kaziranga, Keoladeo, and Manas National Parks are.
Kaziranga National Park (Assam) was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 1985, recognized for its unique natural environment and significant population of the Indian one-horned rhinoceros. Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan), formerly Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, was also inscribed in 1985 for its importance as a major wintering area for migratory birds. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (Assam) was inscribed in 1985 and later relisted in 2011 after being on the list of World Heritage in Danger, recognized for its exceptional biodiversity. Bandipur National Park (Karnataka) is a well-known tiger reserve and part of the larger Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, but it is not individually listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
While Bandipur is not a World Heritage Site itself, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which includes Bandipur along with other protected areas, is part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

62. Which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. The Ajanta cav

Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

  • 1. The Ajanta caves have been painted with scenes from Jainism.
  • 2. The crowning achievement of Ellora caves is the colossal monolithic Kailasanath temple.
  • 3. The Ajanta caves have been built over a period of eight centuries by different rulers.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3″ option2=”1 and 3 only” option3=”2 only” option4=”2 and 3 only” correct=”option4″]

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Statements 2 and 3 are correct, while statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect. The Ajanta caves are primarily associated with Buddhism, featuring paintings and sculptures depicting the Jataka tales (stories of the Buddha’s previous lives) and scenes from his life. Statement 2 is correct. The Kailasa Temple (Cave 16) at Ellora is a monumental monolithic rock-cut temple dedicated to Shiva and is widely considered the most outstanding architectural achievement among the Ellora caves. Statement 3 is correct. The Ajanta caves were built over a considerable period, dating from roughly the 2nd century BCE (Satavahana period) to the 5th-6th centuries CE (Vakataka period), involving different phases of construction and patronage by various rulers over about eight centuries.
The Ellora caves complex includes shrines and monasteries of three different religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism, reflecting the religious harmony prevalent during the periods of their construction (roughly 6th to 10th centuries CE).

63. Which one of the following was not identified as a pillar of their ref

Which one of the following was not identified as a pillar of their reform agenda by the heads of the G-20 nations in the declaration at the Toronto Summit in June 2010 ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Relaxing regulatory framework” option2=”Effective supervision” option3=”Resolution and addressing systemic institutions” option4=”Transparent international assessment and peer review” correct=”option1″]

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Among the options provided, “Relaxing regulatory framework” was not identified as a pillar of the reform agenda by G-20 nations in the declaration at the Toronto Summit in June 2010.
Following the 2008 global financial crisis, G-20 efforts focused on strengthening, not relaxing, the global financial regulatory framework. The Toronto Summit built on previous commitments, emphasizing areas like building stronger financial institutions, improving effective supervision, addressing systemic risk (including ‘too big to fail’ institutions), and enhancing transparency and international cooperation through mechanisms like peer review. Relaxing regulations would have been contrary to the prevailing sentiment and goals of preventing future crises.
The G-20 leaders at the Toronto Summit committed to completing the financial regulatory reform agenda. Key areas included finalizing reforms to capital and liquidity standards for banks, strengthening oversight of the shadow banking system, improving resolution regimes for failed financial institutions, and enhancing the regulation of derivatives markets.

64. Why are governments of various countries finding it difficult so far t

Why are governments of various countries finding it difficult so far to agree on the ways and means to limit the greenhouse gas emission ?

  • 1. They fear that measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will have negative effects on their economy.
  • 2. The developing nations regard mandatory limits on their emissions as attempts by the richer countries to hobble their progress.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

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Both statements 1 and 2 provide valid reasons why governments find it difficult to agree on limiting greenhouse gas emissions.
Statement 1 is correct. Governments and industries often fear that stringent measures to reduce emissions, such as carbon taxes, cap-and-trade systems, or investments in costly clean technologies, could negatively impact economic competitiveness, lead to job losses, and slow down growth. Statement 2 is also correct. A major point of contention in international climate negotiations has been the principle of ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’, where developing nations argue that historical emissions are primarily from developed countries and that mandatory limits could hinder their necessary economic development and poverty reduction efforts. They often perceive such limits imposed by richer countries as attempts to restrict their growth.
These economic and equity concerns are central to the challenges faced in reaching comprehensive and binding international agreements on climate change mitigation, as seen in negotiations under the UNFCCC framework.

65. Consider the following statements regarding the Bay of Bengal Initiati

Consider the following statements regarding the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) :

  • 1. It is an international organisation involving a group of countries in South Asia and South East Asia.
  • 2. All countries with whom India shares international border are members of the organisation.
  • 3. Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Thailand were the original members of the organisation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3″ option2=”1 and 3 only” option3=”1 only” option4=”2 and 3 only” correct=”option2″]

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Statements 1 and 3 regarding the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) are correct, while statement 2 is incorrect.
Statement 1 is correct because BIMSTEC is an international organization comprising seven member states from South Asia and Southeast Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Statement 3 is correct; the organisation was founded as BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand) in 1997, making these four countries the original members. Statement 2 is incorrect because India shares international borders with countries like Pakistan and China, which are not members of BIMSTEC.
BIMSTEC aims to promote regional cooperation in various sectors. Myanmar joined BIST-EC in late 1997, and the group was renamed BIMST-EC. With the inclusion of Bhutan and Nepal in 2004, the name was changed to BIMSTEC.

66. Consider the following statements: regarding a record breaking First R

Consider the following statements: regarding a record breaking First Round match in Wimbledon Tennis Tournament 2010 between John Isner and Nicolas Mahut :

  • 1. This match is considered as the longest tennis match in the history.
  • 2. There were 183 games in the match with altogether more than 200 aces served.
  • 3. The match was spread over three days.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3″ option2=”1 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1 and 2 only” correct=”option1″]

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UPSC CAPF – 2010
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All three statements regarding the record-breaking first-round match at Wimbledon 2010 between John Isner and Nicolas Mahut are correct.
Statement 1 is correct as the match set multiple records for duration, lasting 11 hours and 5 minutes, and becoming the longest tennis match in history. Statement 3 is correct as the match was indeed suspended due to darkness on two consecutive evenings, spreading it over three days. Statement 2 is also correct; the final score was 6–4, 3–6, 6–7(7–9), 7–6(7–3), 70–68, resulting in a total of 183 games. The match also saw a combined 216 aces (Isner 113, Mahut 103), exceeding 200 aces.
This match took place from June 22 to June 24, 2010. The final set alone, which Isner won 70-68, lasted 8 hours and 11 minutes, longer than the previous record for the longest match ever.

67. Garuda 2010 is a military exercise involving the air forces of :

Garuda 2010 is a military exercise involving the air forces of :

[amp_mcq option1=”India and Russia” option2=”India and USA” option3=”India and France” option4=”India and Japan” correct=”option3″]

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Garuda is a military exercise involving the air forces of India and France.
Garuda is a series of bilateral aerial exercises conducted between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the French Air and Space Force (FASF). These exercises aim to enhance interoperability, exchange best practices, and strengthen defense cooperation between the two countries. Garuda 2010 was one such iteration held in France.
India conducts various bilateral and multilateral military exercises with different countries. Examples include ‘Malabar’ (with USA, Japan, Australia), ‘Indra’ (with Russia), ‘Surya Kiran’ (with Nepal), ‘Hand-in-Hand’ (with China), ‘Shakti’ (Army) and ‘Varuna’ (Navy) with France, in addition to ‘Garuda’ (Air Force).

68. Which one among the following expenditures shall not be charged on the

Which one among the following expenditures shall not be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India ?

[amp_mcq option1=”The emoluments and allowances of the President and other expenditure relating to his office” option2=”Debt charges for which the Government of India is liable including interests, sinking fund charges and redemption charges” option3=”Any sum required to satisfy any judgment, decree or award of any court or arbitral tribunal” option4=”The sum required to meet expenditure incurred in natural calamities” correct=”option4″]

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The sum required to meet expenditure incurred in natural calamities shall not be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
Expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India refers to expenses that are not subject to the annual vote of Parliament, although they can be discussed. Article 112(3) of the Constitution of India lists specific expenditures that are charged upon the Consolidated Fund. These include the emoluments and allowances of the President, Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha, Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, the Comptroller and Auditor-General, debt charges of the Government of India, sums required to satisfy court judgments or arbitral awards, etc. Expenditure related to natural calamities is typically voted expenditure, meaning it requires parliamentary approval through the budgetary process (demand for grants), even though the funds are drawn from the Consolidated Fund.
Charged expenditures are considered mandatory and are intended to ensure the financial independence of key constitutional offices and meet essential financial obligations like debt repayment. Voted expenditures constitute the bulk of government spending and are subject to parliamentary scrutiny and approval through the appropriation bill. Funds for disaster relief are typically provisioned under specific heads and require parliamentary vote.

69. X is twice as massive as Y. X also runs twice faster than Y. Which one

X is twice as massive as Y. X also runs twice faster than Y. Which one among the following is the ratio of kinetic energy of X and Y ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 : 8″ option2=”8 : 1″ option3=”4 : 1″ option4=”2 : 1″ correct=”option2″]

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The ratio of kinetic energy of X and Y is 8 : 1.
The kinetic energy (KE) of an object is given by the formula KE = ½ * m * v², where m is the mass and v is the velocity. Given that the mass of X (m_X) is twice the mass of Y (m_Y), so m_X = 2 * m_Y. Also, the velocity of X (v_X) is twice the velocity of Y (v_Y), so v_X = 2 * v_Y.
KE_X = ½ * m_X * v_X² = ½ * (2 * m_Y) * (2 * v_Y)² = ½ * 2 * m_Y * 4 * v_Y² = 8 * (½ * m_Y * v_Y²)
KE_Y = ½ * m_Y * v_Y²
The ratio KE_X / KE_Y = [8 * (½ * m_Y * v_Y²)] / [½ * m_Y * v_Y²] = 8 / 1. Thus, the ratio is 8:1.
Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity representing the energy of motion. It is directly proportional to the mass of the object and the square of its velocity. Doubling the velocity has a much greater impact on kinetic energy than doubling the mass.

70. Which among the following is/are the reasons behind using Mercury in t

Which among the following is/are the reasons behind using Mercury in thermometers ?

  • 1. Mercury does not wet the inner sides of the thermometer.
  • 2. It can be seen easily in a thin capillary tube of the thermometer.
  • 3. It is a good conductor of heat.
  • 4. It is non-toxic.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1 and 2 only” option3=”1, 2 and 3″ option4=”3 and 4″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2010
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The reasons behind using Mercury in thermometers among the given options are that Mercury does not wet the inner sides of the thermometer, it can be seen easily in a thin capillary tube, and it is a good conductor of heat.
Mercury possesses several properties suitable for use in thermometers: 1) It has high surface tension and does not wet (stick to) the glass tube, allowing for accurate readings of the meniscus. 2) It is opaque and reflective, making the column easily visible against the glass. 3) It is a good conductor of heat, which facilitates faster transfer of heat from the object being measured to the mercury, allowing it to quickly reach thermal equilibrium. 4) Mercury is highly toxic, which is a disadvantage, not a reason for its use.
Other properties of mercury that make it suitable for thermometers include a relatively low freezing point (-38.83 °C) and a high boiling point (356.73 °C), giving it a wide range of use, and a uniform coefficient of thermal expansion within its liquid range. However, due to its toxicity, mercury thermometers are being increasingly replaced by alcohol-based or digital thermometers.
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