The correct answer is: D. all above conditions.
A sulphated cell is a lead-acid battery that has been discharged too deeply and has lost its ability to hold a charge. This can be caused by a number of factors, including leaving the battery discharged for a long period of time, using it in a high-discharge application, or not charging it properly.
When a cell is sulphated, the lead plates inside the battery become coated with a layer of lead sulfate. This layer prevents the battery from taking a charge and reduces its capacity.
There are a number of ways to test for a sulphated cell. One way is to measure the specific gravity of the electrolyte. The specific gravity of a fully charged battery should be between 1.260 and 1.280. If the specific gravity is below 1.220, the battery is likely sulphated.
Another way to test for a sulphated cell is to measure the voltage of the battery. A fully charged battery should have a voltage of 12.6 volts. If the voltage is below 12.2 volts, the battery is likely sulphated.
If you suspect that your battery is sulphated, you can try to desulphate it by using a desulphation charger. A desulphation charger applies a high-voltage charge to the battery, which helps to break down the lead sulfate deposits on the plates.
If desulphation does not work, you will need to replace the battery.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- A. The loss of capacity of the cell: When a cell is sulphated, the lead plates inside the battery become coated with a layer of lead sulfate. This layer prevents the battery from taking a charge and reduces its capacity.
- B. The decrease of the specific gravity: The specific gravity of a fully charged battery should be between 1.260 and 1.280. If the specific gravity is below 1.220, the battery is likely sulphated.
- C. The low voltage of the cell on discharge: A fully charged battery should have a voltage of 12.6 volts. If the voltage is below 12.2 volts, the battery is likely sulphated.