Storage of biological tissues such as blood, organs, semen requires lo

Storage of biological tissues such as blood, organs, semen requires low temperature which is achieved upon the usage of

Liquid nitrogen
Solid carbon dioxide
Liquid air
Helium
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2022
Storage of biological tissues such as blood, organs, and semen at very low temperatures (cryopreservation) is typically achieved using Liquid nitrogen.
– Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of -196°C (-320°F).
– This extremely low temperature freezes biological samples and halts cellular activity and degradation.
– Cryopreservation methods often involve cooling biological material to liquid nitrogen temperatures for long-term storage.
Solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) provides a temperature of -78.5°C, which is not sufficiently low for long-term cryopreservation of most biological tissues. Liquid air and helium are less commonly used than liquid nitrogen for standard biological sample storage due to cost, availability, or specific temperature requirements.