Stepping motors: A. can run at varying speeds B. can be built to index different amounts by changing the pole configuration C. can run both clockwise and counterclockwise D. do not require commutators E. All of the above

The correct answer is E. All of the above.

Stepping motors are a type of electric motor that converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. They are used in a wide variety of applications, including robotics, CNC machines, and printers.

Stepping motors can run at varying speeds by changing the frequency of the electrical pulses. The higher the frequency, the faster the motor will run.

Stepping motors can be built to index different amounts by changing the pole configuration. The pole configuration determines how many steps the motor will take per revolution.

Stepping motors can run both clockwise and counterclockwise by reversing the polarity of the electrical pulses.

Stepping motors do not require commutators, which are used in other types of motors to switch the current between the windings. This makes stepping motors more reliable and less expensive to maintain.

Here are some additional details about each option:

• Option A: Stepping motors can run at varying speeds by changing the frequency of the electrical pulses. The higher the frequency, the faster the motor will run. For example, a stepping motor with a frequency of 100 pulses per second will run twice as fast as a stepping motor with a frequency of 50 pulses per second.
• Option B: Stepping motors can be built to index different amounts by changing the pole configuration. The pole configuration determines how many steps the motor will take per revolution. For example, a stepping motor with a four-pole configuration will take four steps per revolution, while a stepping motor with a six-pole configuration will take six steps per revolution.
• Option C: Stepping motors can run both clockwise and counterclockwise by reversing the polarity of the electrical pulses. This is done by changing the direction of the current flow through the motor.
• Option D: Stepping motors do not require commutators, which are used in other types of motors to switch the current between the windings. This makes stepping motors more reliable and less expensive to maintain.