The correct answer is: C. Either I or II follows
The statement says that a large number of students have been caught using unfair means during the final-year degree examination. This is a serious matter, as it undermines the integrity of the examination system and the value of the degrees awarded.
Course of action I suggests that all these students should be debarred permanently from appearing for any examination conducted by the authority. This is a strong measure, but it may be necessary to deter other students from cheating. However, it is important to note that not all students who cheat do so out of a lack of integrity. Some students may cheat because they feel pressured to do well in their studies, or because they do not have the support they need to succeed. In these cases, debarring them from taking exams may not be the best way to address the problem.
Course of action II suggests that the guardians of these students should be called by the authority to inform them that any such behaviour in future will not be tolerated. This is a more moderate measure, but it may still be effective in deterring students from cheating. It is important to note that the guardians of these students may not be aware that their children are cheating. In these cases, calling them and informing them of the situation may help to prevent future cheating.
Ultimately, the decision of whether to implement course of action I or II, or both, should be made on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the specific circumstances of each case.