The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Equity share capital is a type of ownership interest in a company. When a company issues equity shares, it is essentially selling a piece of itself to investors. Equity shareholders are the owners of the company and have the right to vote on important matters, such as the election of directors. They also have the right to receive a share of the company’s profits, if any.
Debentures are loans that companies issue to raise money. Debenture holders are creditors of the company, and they have the right to be repaid the principal amount of the loan, plus interest, on a specified date. Debentures are typically considered to be a more secure form of investment than equity shares, as they have a higher priority claim on the company’s assets in the event of liquidation.
Preference share capital is a type of ownership interest in a company that ranks above equity shares in terms of priority of payment. Preference shareholders are entitled to receive a fixed dividend, which is paid before any dividends are paid to equity shareholders. They also have the right to be repaid the principal amount of their investment, if any, before equity shareholders in the event of liquidation.
All three of these sources of finance can be used to raise long-term funds for a company. The choice of which source to use will depend on a number of factors, such as the company’s financial situation, its investment objectives, and the cost of each type of finance.