The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Shifting cultivation (Jhum) is a traditional agricultural system practiced by many tribal societies in Arunachal Pradesh. It involves clearing a small area of forest, burning the vegetation, and then planting crops in the ash-enriched soil. After a few years, the land is abandoned and allowed to regenerate, while the farmers move on to clear a new area.
Wet rice cultivation is another traditional agricultural system practiced in Arunachal Pradesh. It involves growing rice in flooded fields. This system is more labor-intensive than shifting cultivation, but it produces higher yields.
Nomadic pastoralism is a way of life in which people move with their herds of animals in search of pasture. This system is practiced by some tribal groups in Arunachal Pradesh, such as the Monpas and Sherdukpens.
All of these systems have been practiced in Arunachal Pradesh for centuries. They are adapted to the region’s diverse geography and climate. Shifting cultivation is well-suited to the hilly areas, while wet rice cultivation is more suitable for the valleys. Nomadic pastoralism is practiced in the high mountains.
These traditional agricultural systems have been sustainable for centuries. However, they are now under threat from a number of factors, including population growth, deforestation, and climate change. These threats are leading to changes in land use, which are having a negative impact on the environment and the people who depend on it.
It is important to find ways to protect these traditional agricultural systems. They are an important part of the region’s culture and history. They are also a valuable source of food and income for many people.