The correct answer is: d) All of the above
The Chogyals were the hereditary rulers of Tibet from the 7th century until the 1950s. They were initially Buddhist monks who were also political leaders. However, over time, the Chogyals became more secular and focused on their political role.
The British began to exert influence in Tibet in the 18th century. They were interested in Tibet’s strategic location and its potential as a market for British goods. The Chogyals initially resisted British influence, but they were eventually forced to accept British control.
The British imposed a number of restrictions on the Chogyals’ power. They limited the Chogyals’ ability to tax their subjects and to raise an army. They also required the Chogyals to consult with the British on all important matters.
The Chogyals’ loss of power led to a number of conflicts and uprisings. In 1904, the British invaded Tibet and forced the Chogyal to sign a treaty that further reduced his power. In 1950, the Chinese invaded Tibet and abolished the Chogyal’s rule.
The Chogyals were eventually allowed to return to Tibet in 1959, but they were not allowed to resume their political role. They lived in exile in India until their deaths in the 1980s and 1990s.