The correct answer is: D) All of the above.
Excessive irrigation, use of chemical fertilizers, and poor drainage are all major factors that contribute to soil salinization.
Excessive irrigation can lead to the accumulation of salts in the soil, as the water carries dissolved salts from the soil surface to the deeper layers. This can make the soil less productive, as the salts can interfere with plant growth.
The use of chemical fertilizers can also contribute to soil salinization, as the fertilizers can contain salts that are not absorbed by the plants. These salts can then accumulate in the soil, making it less productive.
Poor drainage can also lead to soil salinization, as it prevents the water from draining away from the soil surface. This can cause the water to evaporate, leaving behind the salts that it contains. These salts can then accumulate in the soil, making it less productive.
Soil salinization is a serious problem in parts of Madhya Pradesh, as it can lead to a decline in crop yields and a loss of biodiversity. It is important to take steps to prevent soil salinization, such as using drip irrigation, applying fertilizers judiciously, and improving drainage.