The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Deforestation, intensive farming practices, and overgrazing are all major causes of soil erosion and degradation in Bihar.
Deforestation is the removal of trees from an area. This can lead to soil erosion, as the trees no longer provide protection from the wind and rain. The exposed soil can then be easily washed away or blown away.
Intensive farming practices are those that use large amounts of chemicals and machinery. These practices can damage the soil, making it more susceptible to erosion.
Overgrazing is when too many animals are allowed to graze on an area of land. This can also damage the soil, as the animals’ hooves compact the soil and make it more difficult for water and nutrients to penetrate.
All of these factors can contribute to soil erosion and degradation in Bihar. This can have a number of negative consequences, including:
- Loss of topsoil, which is the most fertile layer of soil
- Reduced crop yields
- Increased flooding
- Increased sedimentation in rivers and streams
- Increased risk of landslides
Soil erosion and degradation are serious environmental concerns in Bihar. It is important to take steps to address these issues, such as planting trees, reducing the use of chemicals in agriculture, and grazing animals more sustainably.