Softer variety of steel may be obtained by A. Cementation process B. Crucible process C. Bessemer process D. Open hearth process

Cementation process
Crucible process
Bessemer process
Open hearth process

The correct answer is A. Cementation process.

The cementation process is a method of manufacturing steel by carburizing wrought iron. It is a form of case hardening, where a thin layer of steel is created on the surface of a piece of iron by heating it in contact with carbon. The carbon diffuses into the iron, making it harder and stronger.

The cementation process can be used to produce a variety of steels, with different properties depending on the amount of carbon that is added. Softer varieties of steel can be obtained by using a lower concentration of carbon.

The other options are incorrect because they are all methods of manufacturing steel that produce a harder and stronger product.

  • The crucible process is a method of melting iron and steel in a crucible, which is a container made of a material that can withstand high temperatures. The molten metal is then poured into molds to create ingots or castings.
  • The Bessemer process is a method of manufacturing steel by blowing air through molten pig iron. This removes the impurities from the iron and produces a high-quality steel.
  • The open hearth process is a method of manufacturing steel by heating pig iron and scrap iron in a furnace with a large open hearth. The impurities from the iron are removed by oxidation, and the molten metal is then poured into molds to create ingots or castings.