The correct answer is A. Scattering.
Scattering is the process of a wave or particle being deflected by a physical object. The scattering of light is an important phenomenon in many areas of physics and astronomy. It is responsible for the blue color of the sky and the red color of sunsets.
C.V. Raman was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect, which is a type of light scattering. The Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of light by matter, which results in a change in the frequency of the light.
The other options are incorrect. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings. Interference is the superposition of two or more waves that results in a new wave pattern. Polarization is the property of waves that have an electric field that is confined to a single plane.