The correct answer is D. All of these.
Shivalik soil is a type of alluvial soil that is found in the foothills of the Himalayas. It is a mixture of clay, gravel, and sandstone. The clay gives the soil its fertility, while the gravel and sandstone provide drainage and aeration. Shivalik soil is well-suited for growing a variety of crops, including rice, wheat, and sugarcane.
Clay is a type of soil that is made up of very small particles of minerals. It is a good absorbent and can hold a lot of water. Clay is also a good binder, which means that it can hold other particles together. This makes clay a good soil for growing plants.
Gravel is a type of soil that is made up of small, round stones. It is a good drainage material and can help to prevent waterlogging. Gravel is also a good aeration material, which means that it can help to improve the air circulation in the soil. This can help plants to grow better.
Sandstone is a type of rock that is made up of sand-sized grains of minerals. It is a good drainage material and can help to prevent waterlogging. Sandstone is also a good aeration material, which means that it can help to improve the air circulation in the soil. This can help plants to grow better.