The correct answer is: D. Advaitic philosophy.
Shankaracharya was an Indian philosopher, theologian, and reformer who lived in the 8th century CE. He is considered one of the most important figures in Hindu philosophy and is credited with establishing the Advaita Vedanta school of thought. Advaita Vedanta is a non-dualistic philosophy that teaches that Brahman, the ultimate reality, is the only thing that exists. Everything else, including the individual self, is an illusion.
Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that teaches that the goal of life is to achieve liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Jains believe that the universe is eternal and that all living beings are interconnected. They practice ahimsa, or non-violence, and strive to live a simple life.
Buddhism is an ancient Indian religion that teaches that the goal of life is to achieve enlightenment. Buddhists believe that the universe is impermanent and that suffering is caused by attachment. They practice the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path in order to achieve enlightenment.
The Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement that was founded in the 19th century by Swami Dayananda Saraswati. The Arya Samaj promotes the study of the Vedas and the Upanishads, and it advocates for social reform.
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