Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment on thin gold foil wa

Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment on thin gold foil was responsible for the discovery of –

electron

proton

atomic nucleus

neutron

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2019

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Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment, also known as the Geiger–Marsden experiment, involved firing alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. The observation that a small fraction of the alpha particles were deflected at large angles, and some even bounced back, indicated the presence of a small, dense, positively charged core within the atom. This led to the development of the nuclear model of the atom and the discovery of the atomic nucleus.

The key outcome of the experiment was the conclusion that the positive charge and most of the mass of an atom are concentrated in a tiny region at its center, which was named the nucleus.

The electron was discovered by J.J. Thomson through his cathode ray experiments. Protons were later identified as the positively charged particles within the nucleus, and neutrons were discovered by James Chadwick. Rutherford’s experiment was crucial in overturning the earlier plum pudding model of the atom.

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