Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment was responsible for the

Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment was responsible for the discovery of:

Atomic nucleus

Electron

Proton

Neutron

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UPSC Geoscientist – 2021

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Ernest Rutherford’s alpha-particle scattering experiment (also known as the Geiger-Marsden experiment) involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil. The results (most particles passing through, some deflected, and a few bouncing back) led Rutherford to propose the nuclear model of the atom, where a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus exists at the center, with electrons orbiting around it. This experiment was pivotal in the discovery of the atomic nucleus.

Rutherford’s alpha-scattering experiment demonstrated the existence of a small, dense, positively charged region at the center of the atom, which he called the nucleus.

The electron was discovered by J.J. Thomson using cathode ray tubes. Protons were identified as the positive particles within the nucleus, though Rutherford’s experiments were key to understanding the positive charge concentration. Neutrons were discovered later by James Chadwick.

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