The correct answer is (a).
Run-of-river hydropower projects are a type of hydroelectric power plant that uses the natural flow of a river to generate electricity. They are typically located in areas with high rainfall and steep gradients, as these conditions provide the necessary water flow and head (the difference in elevation between the intake and the outlet of the turbine).
Meghalaya is a state in northeastern India that is known for its high rainfall and steep terrain. The average annual rainfall in Meghalaya is over 12,000 mm, and the state has several rivers with steep gradients. These conditions make Meghalaya an ideal location for run-of-river hydropower projects.
The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:
(b) Large reservoir potential: Run-of-river hydropower projects do not require large reservoirs. In fact, reservoirs can actually be detrimental to run-of-river projects, as they can reduce the flow of water and make it more difficult to generate electricity.
(c) Flat terrain: Run-of-river hydropower projects are typically located in mountainous areas with steep gradients. Flat terrain is not ideal for run-of-river projects, as it does not provide the necessary head to generate electricity.
(d) Low population density: Run-of-river hydropower projects can have a significant impact on the environment, and they are often opposed by local communities. In areas with low population density, it may be more difficult to obtain the necessary permits and approvals to build a run-of-river hydropower project.