The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and untreated sewage are all major sources of river pollution in Punjab. Industrial discharge can contain heavy metals, toxic chemicals, and other pollutants that can harm aquatic life and human health. Agricultural runoff can carry pesticides, fertilizers, and other pollutants into rivers. Untreated sewage can contain human waste, bacteria, and other pathogens that can cause disease.
All of these sources of pollution can have a significant impact on river ecosystems. They can kill fish and other aquatic life, reduce water quality, and make rivers unsafe for swimming and other recreational activities. In some cases, river pollution can even lead to human health problems.
There are a number of things that can be done to reduce river pollution in Punjab. These include:
- Investing in wastewater treatment plants to treat sewage before it is discharged into rivers.
- Enforcing regulations on industrial pollution.
- Educating farmers about the importance of using sustainable agricultural practices.
- Reducing water consumption to reduce the amount of wastewater that is generated.
By taking these steps, it is possible to improve river water quality and protect the health of people and the environment in Punjab.