Reverberation of sound ensures

a single refraction

a single reflection

multiple reflections

multiple refractions

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UPSC Geoscientist – 2023

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Reverberation is the phenomenon where a sound persists in an enclosed space after the original sound source has stopped. This happens because sound waves reflect off the surfaces (walls, ceiling, floor, objects) in the room and these reflections reach the listener’s ear shortly after the initial sound and continue to arrive as they bounce multiple times. It is the collection of these multiple, closely spaced reflections that creates reverberation, not a single reflection (which would be a distinct echo if the delay is long enough) or refraction.

– Reverberation is the persistence of sound.
– It occurs in enclosed spaces.
– It is caused by multiple reflections of sound waves.
– Contrast with echo, which is a single, delayed reflection.

The degree of reverberation depends on the size and shape of the space and the acoustic properties of the surfaces. Highly reflective surfaces (like concrete or glass) lead to strong reverberation, while sound-absorbing materials reduce it. Reverberation time is the time it takes for the sound intensity to decrease by 60 dB after the source stops.

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