The correct answer is D. All of these.
Restricting competition is an unfair trade practice, a monopolistic trade practice, and a restrictive trade practice.
An unfair trade practice is a business practice that is considered to be unethical or unfair to consumers. Restricting competition is an example of an unfair trade practice because it can lead to higher prices and lower quality goods and services for consumers.
A monopolistic trade practice is a business practice that is used to maintain or increase a monopoly. Restricting competition is an example of a monopolistic trade practice because it can make it difficult for new businesses to enter the market and compete with existing businesses.
A restrictive trade practice is a business practice that is used to restrict trade or competition. Restricting competition is an example of a restrictive trade practice because it can make it difficult for businesses to compete with each other.
Restricting competition can have a number of negative consequences, including:
- Higher prices for consumers
- Lower quality goods and services
- Less innovation
- Less choice for consumers
- Reduced economic growth
Restricting competition is often illegal. In the United States, for example, the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act prohibit certain types of anti-competitive behavior.