The correct answer is Irrigation and water management.
Irrigation and water management are crucial for improving agricultural productivity in Gujarat because they can help to increase crop yields, reduce the risk of crop failure, and improve the quality of life for farmers.
Irrigation can help to increase crop yields by providing water to crops during dry periods. This can be especially important in areas that experience droughts or other periods of low rainfall. Irrigation can also help to improve the quality of crops by providing them with the water they need to grow properly.
Water management can help to reduce the risk of crop failure by preventing waterlogging and soil erosion. Waterlogging can occur when too much water is applied to crops, which can suffocate the roots and prevent them from absorbing nutrients. Soil erosion can occur when water flows over the land, carrying away topsoil. Water management can help to prevent both of these problems by ensuring that water is applied to crops in a way that does not damage the soil.
In addition to increasing crop yields and reducing the risk of crop failure, irrigation and water management can also improve the quality of life for farmers. By providing farmers with a reliable source of water, irrigation can help them to increase their incomes and improve their standard of living. Irrigation can also help to reduce the amount of time that farmers spend on manual labor, which can free them up to pursue other activities.
Overall, irrigation and water management are crucial for improving agricultural productivity in Gujarat. By increasing crop yields, reducing the risk of crop failure, and improving the quality of life for farmers, irrigation and water management can help to boost the agricultural sector and improve the economy of Gujarat.
The other options are also important for improving agricultural productivity, but they are not as crucial as irrigation and water management. Land ownership is important because it gives farmers the security of tenure and allows them to invest in their land. Labor laws are important because they protect the rights of workers and ensure that they are paid a fair wage. Fertilizer subsidies are important because they help to reduce the cost of fertilizer, which can make it more affordable for farmers to use. However, all of these factors are less important than irrigation and water management, which are essential for providing farmers with the water they need to grow crops.