The correct answer is: a) Modernization and discipline.
Ranjit Singh’s army, the Khalsa, was a well-disciplined and well-equipped force that played a major role in the expansion of the Sikh Empire. The Khalsa was formed in 1699 by Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, and was initially composed of a small group of warriors who were dedicated to protecting the Sikh faith. Under Ranjit Singh’s leadership, the Khalsa grew into a powerful army that was able to defeat the Mughal Empire and other regional powers. The Khalsa was known for its use of modern weapons and tactics, as well as its strict discipline and code of conduct.
Option b) is incorrect because the Khalsa did not rely on traditional weapons. The Khalsa was a well-equipped force that used a variety of modern weapons, including muskets, cannons, and rockets.
Option c) is incorrect because the Khalsa was a well-trained force. The Khalsa was organized into regiments and battalions, and its soldiers were trained in the use of firearms, swordsmanship, and cavalry tactics.
Option d) is incorrect because the Khalsa did not have a strong naval presence. The Khalsa was a land-based army that focused on fighting on the battlefield.